Transportechnochronology
We crawled, then we walked, then we carried and dragged.
Now we roll and we rocket, and sail and soar. And stop too often as our growing cities jam. Zoom out with us on the path to arrival.
0312 BC-09-01 00:00:00
Public roads
Roman roads drained easily thanks to beds of pebbles beneath.
0500-09-01 00:00:00
Horseshoe
The more we rode horses on paved roads, the more they needed new shoes.
0600 BC-10-01 00:00:00
Magnetism
Naturally occurring magnetic rocks, or lodestones, have attracted us for millennia, and iron and each other for eons.
0610 BC-10-01 00:00:00
Electricity
Imagine what a shock it must have been for Thales of Miletus, rubbing a piece of amber with some fur, to discover electricity.
0620 BC-07-01 00:00:00
Rutway
Early public guideways cropped up in Corinth and Malta, and the Roman Empire.
0820-10-01 00:00:00
Magic carpet
Prince Husain and his fellow carpet riders could teleport to far off places, while Solomon's carpet could command the winds and float on the breeze.
1264-09-01 00:00:00
Rocket
Early rockets in China were used as fireworks and weapons, known as ground rats and fire arrows respectively.
1485-10-01 00:00:00
Ornithopter
Biomimickry has been the spark of genius behind many inventions.
1504-09-01 00:00:00
Funicular railway
First came the cable railways, animal-drawn, usually up hills.
1568-09-01 00:00:00
Wagonway
The earliest railways guided animal-drawn wagons laden with coal out of the mines.
1643-10-01 00:00:00
Barometer
Torricelli created the barometer and the first full artificial vacuum by draining a tube filled with mercury into a pool of mercury.
1662-03-18 00:00:00
Horsebus
For a small fare, the public can climb aboard at designated stops at scheduled times to navigate the city.
1672-07-01 00:00:00
Steam car
The first steam-powered automobile may have been a toy, but it inspired monks a full century later to repeat this feat of toy engineering.
1672-10-01 00:00:00
Artificial vacuum
Nature might abhor a vacuum, but it didn't take us long to defy her.
1712-05-01 08:38:38
Steam engine
The Newcomen atmospheric engine used steam to create a partial vacuum which drove a piston in order to drain water from mines.
1713-12-01 00:00:00
St. Petersburg paradox
If someone offers you a game where you have half a chance to win and your winnings double each win, bet everything.
1726-05-01 08:38:38
Laputa
An "Island in the Air" hovering aloft above the heavily magnetized land of Balnibarbi.
1770-07-01 00:00:00
Steam tractor
Just as the first railways got coal out of mines, the first automobiles focused on heavy lifting.
1776-03-01 00:00:00
Watt steam engine
The Newcomen engine made rotary was much more versatile.
1776-09-01 00:00:00
The American Turtle
During the Revolutionary War, David Bushnell invented a manned underwater nut-shaped vessel meant to deliver underwater mines to enemy ships.
1782-12-14 00:00:00
Hot air balloon
It turned out that all this talk about human flight was a bunch of hot air after all.
1784-07-01 00:00:00
Road locomotive
The first car was a toy, and the first road-worthy self-powered vehicle was a small-scale prototype of a steam carriage.
1798-07-01 00:00:00
Railway
Like the early wagonways, the first railway also was built to carry coal from a mine.
1799-05-01 00:00:00
Pneumatic tube transport
George Medhurst seems to have been the first to conceive of pneumatic transport.
1801-07-01 00:00:00
Steam carriage
Designed and built by Richard Trevithick, the London Steam Carriage was the first automobile to carry passengers, though it was not a commercial success. It employed a high-pressure steam engine unlike Watt and Boulton's engines.
1802-05-01 00:00:00
Chunnel
We'll float air ducts to the surface and light the way with oil lamps.
1804-02-01 00:00:00
Steam locomotive
Thanks to Trevithick, the rail industry started to build steam quickly.
1807-07-01 00:00:00
Commercial steamboat
Designed and built by Robert Fulton, who also invented the Nautilus submarine, the Clermont, ran from Albany to New York.
1812-05-01 00:00:00
Commercial locomotive
The first two-cylinder locomotive managed to turn a profit.
1824-05-01 00:00:00
Atmospheric railway
Some early rail pioneers moved the train with a locomotive, while others placed the powertrain offboard.
1828-05-01 00:00:00
Omnibus
All were welcome to ride on the omnibus (from the Latin for "for everyone").
1830-07-01 00:00:00
Commercial railway
Like the bus system, the railway took more than one hundred years to distill into a sustainable, commercial enterprise.
1834-05-01 00:00:00
Traction pipe atmospheric railway
Pressurizing a train-sized tube proved difficult and unnecessary.
1839-05-01 00:00:00
Chunnel, part deux
The second time around the Chunnel advocates went straight to Napoleon III.
1842-09-01 00:00:00
Earnshaw's Theorem
Magnets don't levitate on their own.
1843-05-01 00:00:00
Commercial atmospheric railway
Traction pipe atmospheric railways were more effective on steep grades than locomotive railways.
1847-10-01 00:00:00
High-speed atmospheric railway
Rapidly improving locomotives and leaky pipes derailed Brunel despite the steam he built with the public for his atmospheric railway along the South Devon coast.
1852-07-01 00:00:00
Safety elevator
Otis' fall-proof elevators might have gone unnoticed if it weren't for the New York World's Fair.
1854-09-01 00:00:00
Orphan Train
The first orphanage in the United States was reportedly established in 1729 in Natchez, MS, where the oldest trail in North America begins.
1854-09-01 00:00:00
Haussman's renovation
The street plan and distinctive appearance of the center of Paris today is largely the result of Haussman.
1859-05-01 00:00:00
London's Pneumatic Despatch Company
The London Pneumatic Despatch Company was formed on 30 June 1859, to design, build and operate an underground railway system for the carrying of mail, parcels and light freight between locations in London. The system was used between 1863 and 1874.
1859-07-01 00:00:00
Car battery
The lead-acid battery allowed us to take electricity on the road.
1861-05-01 00:00:00
Dynamo
Ányos Jedlík created a self-excited dynamo six years before Siemens and Wheatstone, but without their input.
1863-07-01 00:00:00
Subway
London's Metropolitan Railway (the Metro) opened to the public as the world's first underground railway. The initial system ran until 1933.
1864-07-01 00:00:00
Electromagnetic Field
Maxwell deduced that light is an electromagnetic wave and gave us a new model for electromagnetism.
1864-08-01 00:00:00
Crystal Palace pneumatic railway
Many of the atmospheric rails in the UK had moved toward traction pipes on steeper grades, but the Crystal Palace was all in.
1865-07-01 00:00:00
Jevons paradox
More efficient consumption leads to more overall consumption.
1868-10-01 00:00:00
Paternoster
You may want to say your prayers before you get a lift from a continuous cyclic elevator with no doors.
1869-09-01 00:00:00
Monowheel
Why ride on wheels when you can ride in wheels?
1870-05-01 00:00:00
Beach's Pneumatic Transit
After digging under Devlin's clothing store on Broadway for two years, Beach produced New York City's first subway, and a pneumatic one at that.