Armenia becomes the first official Christian state in the world, when Gregory the Illuminator prays for healing King Tiridates III. The king then proclaims Christianity as the official state religion of Armenia. Zoroastrianism starts to decline gradually.
This treaty gave Eastern Armenia to Russia while keeping Western Armenia (about 80% of the country) to the Ottoman Empire
St. Jude, known as Thaddaeus, was a brother of St. James the Lesser, and a relative of Jesus. Armenian tradition says in the first century Jude Thaddeus came to Armenia, as well as the other places he is said to have preached. In Armenia, he was said to have been martyred.
In the first century (66AD), Bartholomew who once said of Christ "Can any good thing come out of Nazareth?" went, after the resurrection of Christ to Armenia where he converted many including their king.
The Ottoman Empire charged Christians 35% for being a non Muslim. Then the state church leadership which had slid back into traditional beliefs prior to Christianity began taxing their people. Under the load of so much tax, some of the populace revolted. Because the leadership had not saved enough of their extra earnings to keep a fighting force, they had to call for help from the Turks, who put down the revolt attempt. This would set the scene where the state church having lost power over their people had to tolerate what would be a competing emerging Protestant sect.
A core group of the people petitioned the Tsar for a safe home to live. Karakala was that answer.
(February 14, 1792 - February 18, 1867) CONSTANTINOPLE. William Goodell (shown right) was born in Templeton, Massachusetts, on Feb. 14, 1792. He was educated at Phillips Academy (Andover), Dartmouth College, Andover Theological Seminary. Accepted as missionary of ABCFM in 1822. He married Abigail P. (1799 - July 11, 1871). Sailed to Malta, arrived in Beirut Oct. 16, 1823, where he aided in establishing a station which became center of Syrian Mission. In 1828, he moved to Malta because of England-Turkey conflict. In 1831, Rev. Goodell began residence in Constantinople where he commenced the Armeno-Turkish mission. One of his chief labors was translation of Bible into Armeno-Turkish, on which he labored 20 years. He received a Doctor of Divinity from Hamilton College in 1854. In 1865, after 43 years of mission service, he returned to U.S. and died in Philadelphia at residence of his son on Feb. 18, 1867. Latourette, VI 49f. Moffett, 386. After setting up the Constaniople mission, they will hold Bible studies in Armenian for decades. And will send out missionaries to proselyte in virtually every town and village in the Ottoman Empire.. While he was quoted as saying, "We are not looking to change a nation just help a few", 500,000 would accept Christ
Russians work to take over Armenia
Treaty of Turkmanchay. Eastern Armenia is forcefully ceded by Persia to Russia per the Russo-Persian War (1826-1828), strengthening Russian control of Transcaucasus
He held Bible studies in Constantinople for decades
The Tsar of Russia thought by sending the religious "troublemakers" to the borders of his newly acquired territories, IF they lived, they would at least be far and away from the core of the country where they could cause trouble. Instead they would end up making the borders one of the better places to be.
Some of the Molokans that hurried to their new homes were leaving behind the Cholera Riots of 1830-1831. This was one factored that was said to trigger a Revival that would reach all the way to Demos Shakarians Karakala source: Demos Shakarian--life legacy and vision of a full Gospel Businessman by Matthew w. Tallman
New versions Goodell created of the Armenian and Armeno-Turkish Bibles are printed
Karakala, a former military base, is taken over by these Molokans and Jumpers: Incoming Russians bring revival to Kara kala . Also some Jumpers or new converts of Christian Protestantism come from the Ottoman Empire side or Armenia. This is Demos Shakarians home village.Sharkarians live here. IN a family of five daughters and culture where sons are esteemed, their only son is prophesied and born. -Richard Shakarian’s book
A wave of the Spirit of God hits Russia and people begin accepting Christ. Molokans that came from the Russian Orthodox Church were called that because they drank milk on holidays the traditional church did complete abstinence from. From this new awakening, a a new sect “jumpers” pryguny (Russian) started up. This new group wanted to see the book of Acts recreated in their lives. They worshiped God enthusiastically, singing and jumping about.
In the Molokan Revival of 1833, David Yesseyevich (1809-1880) recorded that "there appeared an awesome phenomenon among our brethren -- a powerful outpouring of the Holy Spirit, acting in miraculous fashion with many people dedicated to the will of God." Some Molokans panicked rejecting this and slandered the Priguny (a sect that wanted to recreate Acts 2 early church in the present day.) The Shakarian family was part of this sect. Those in Russian experienced heightened persecution from the Russian Synod. Demos Shakarian said renewal had spread to hundreds of thousands of Russians before it ever spread to the village of Karakala. Berokoff estimates the Priguny "Jumpers" was less than 10% of the entire Molokan community in Russia and the internal witness of David Yesseyevich implied this was contained within the Molokan community. Even at ten percent, this renewal would impact at least 100,000 Molokans though because of the leadership in traditional Russian Orthodoxy (including Seraphim of Sarov) this number would have been likely larger impacting Khlysty groups and many with in the Russian Orthodox Church Source: Demos Shakarian, life, legacy, and vision of a full gospel business man by Matthew w. Tallman
The Russian government enacts the Polozhenie, a statute greatly restricting the power of the Armenian Church. The value of this for Goodells and HGO Dwight Protestant converts is this would open the door for them to later have the same legal standing as the Orthodox Armenian Church
After 75 years of peace for most , Sultan Hamid Kills around an estimated 100,000–300,000. After untold horrors done to Greek Christians, the Armenians now well traveled with all the comforts wealth could afford them during this Revival time period and seeing how badly they were treated in comparison to their European and American Christian counterparts try some civil rights the other nations take for granted. When that fails, they try for independence.
The Armenian Orthodox State Church seeing Protestant schools starting up all over the Ottoman Empire begins looking for how to shut down schools started by converts. Good news is this did not last long. and in months hundreds were reopened and running. HGO Dwight said, “The more I go among the Armenians, the more evidence I see that the Lord has taken deep root in the nation,” then added, “There are, however, many watchful adversaries.”
Every time the converts are moved out of an area with that school shut down, they start up schools in the new area. 2000 Christian schools are opened. Largest School 600 students Around 1.1 -1.2 million students being taught about Christ all across Armenia. The Armenian Orthodox State church wants protestants driven from the Ottoman Empire, The Armenian leadership underestimates the Muslim Turks. Sultan Mahmoud just wants them all dead. He begins rounding up the leadership, starting with the Protestants. However, this all stops inexplicably when at the end of year Sultan of Turkey Mahmoud::II inexplicably dies. Every convert arrested is released and all persecution stops. Mahmoud:II’s son Abdul Mejid takes over.
Unruffled by the growing signs that persecution was coming, the evangelicals at Constantinople stepped up the fervor of their missionary activity, preaching in all the distant cities and villages. One man went to Marmora. Others went eastward in Asia Minor as far as Trebizond pg 1412 and MANY other places. No holds barred, they are BOLD, working tirelessly and as fast as possible. The missionaries Goodell when confronted with are you heretics? said to the patriarch’s messenger: “Let there be so many and so good schools established in this nation that ours shall not only cease to attract attention but shall become unnecessary and be wholly forsaken. Let there be so much and so good preaching in all the various churches that no one will ever think of coming again to hear us stammer in a foreign tongue. Should he or any other person ask how long we will stay and how long they have to bear with us, show them Isa 6:11,12 …and we by the grace of God were going to stay and prophesy till the land should be greatly blessed and the people brought very nigh and made very happy as heirs of God, and joint heirs with Christ.” Sahakian, a convert, wrote in 1852, while on an eight months tour in Armenia: I am not aware that I have yet visited a place where Armenians are found, where there is not either an actual awakening or a preparation of mind for the reception of the truth. By 1860 had 23 stations, 65 outstations, 100+ missionaries and assistants, 180 native teachers, 40 evangelical churches (formal churches) around 1300 membership, 7 pastors, 33 unordained pastors, 2 universities of 90 students both genders, other schools with 2800 students. Source: The Armenian Awaking: a history of the Armenian Church 1820-1860 by Leon Arpee, Kindle
The structure of the Orthodox Armenian state church had been to run all businesses in and under them. You had to belong to a guild that was approved of by the state church. This sped up their Ottoman Empire tax collections etc, Protestants excised from national church were given the same civil rights as a religion. It is huge to be able to say they are not heretics and that they have same rights as the Armenian Orthodox state church. It allowed them to run businesses where the business leaders could hold views that might not agree with the state leadership. It allowed the additional thievery many of the state leaders had been burdening the people with over the 35% the Ottoman Empire demanded to be eliminated. Doing this weakens state church powers hugely and gives a solid foundation for the new sect of believers. Chief results of awakening this introduced: Protestant teaching solved a serious crisis the national church was undergoing of religion that was nothing more than superstition. There was new Muslim leadership, and this was a new way of doing church. The people were hungry for it. Instead of the Orthodox Armenian state church running everything the way they wanted, the rules changed. From this resulted a type of religious liberty unknown before in the Turkish Empire. A man might belong to any one of a number of different Protestant sects, or might belong to none; yet as a member of the Protestant civil community he was entitled to the care of the Protestant Chancery and to the protection of the Ottoman government.Source The Armenian Awakening: A History of the Armenian Church 1820-1860 pg 1987 Kindle The missionaries had not come to start a revolution; they just wanted a few souls saved. This change drastically changed the whole area from economics, to how business was done to having the freedom to be a Protestant. The controversy between the new Protestant movement and the Orthodox church is expressed in the link that follows. It did not appear to be very successful in warding people off from the new concepts that were yet once inherent in the later straying secular Armenian leadership. As with any traditional protest of a new sect (or actually one that returns to the roots that spawned the faith) there will be accusations. if you want to check out the struggle and more on the history, check the link. The Armenian Awakening: a history of the Armenian Church 1920-1860 says "The printing presses, the Bible translations transformed education and literature". Pg 1945 Kindle This potency of printed materials would continue until nations started getting their independence from the Ottoman Empire -- and Armenia got the same idea.
Illiterate 11 yo Efim Klubniki (Wikipedia: Efim Gerasemovitch Klubniken,) has a Vision that he copies down. In perfect Russian are divine instructions that say they must leave, that genocide is coming and a map of where to go Still Happiest People on Earth by Richard Shakarian THE MOLOKANS Not too far west of Yerevan, across the Aras river in what is now Turkey, sat a small Armenian village named Kara Kala. It was settled in the 1800s by men and women who had been exiled from central Russia and other regions because of religious persecution. Many were Molokans— which is Russian for “milk drinkers.” They earned that title in the 17th century because they refused to obey the required water-only fasting days mandated by the Russian Orthodox Church. In Czarist Russia, these individuals who broke from the mold were viewed as heretics and soon were subject to torture, imprisonment, and eventual banishment. Thousands were sent to the Caucasus— especially Azerbaijan, Armenia, and the Ukraine. The Tsar had another objective: he eventually offered these people free land because he wanted to establish colonies along the expanding borders of the Russian Empire. It’s noteworthy that Armenia surrendered to the Russian army in 1828. Five years later, however, something quite amazing happened. There was a spiritual revival among the Molokans, accompanied by an outpouring of the Holy Spirit as described in the Book of Acts. By the end of the 1800s their numbers had swelled to over 500,000. THE VISION Living in a stone cottage in the small village of Kara Kala was the Klubniki family who had resettled there from Russia. One day in 1855, their 11-year-old son, Efim, suddenly had what can only be described as a supernatural vision. For seven days and nights he was under the power of God— and did not eat or sleep. He saw before him pictures, maps, charts and a written message. Everyone in the village knew that Efim was illiterate, yet he asked for a pen and some paper and began to draw what he saw in the vision. He carefully copied the shapes of the letters and diagrams as they passed before his eyes. When the vision was over and the manuscript was complete, the family took it to the villagers who could read. The result shocked the community. This illiterate child had written out in perfect Russian, a series of divine instructions. He warned that at a time in the future, Kara Kala would be wiped from the face of the earth. All Armenian Christians were in extreme danger and hundreds would be brutally murdered for their faith. They must flee to a land he was being shown. In the charts he drew a body of water. It was not the nearby Black Sea or even the Mediterranean, but the eastern edge of the United States across the far away Atlantic Ocean. The prophecy said they were not to settle there but to travel until they reached the west coast of this country. And the message concluded with this promise: “God would prosper them and make them a seed to the nations of the world.” You can imagine what a stir this caused in the village. The news spread to the entire Kars region, but many just brushed it aside as the wild ramblings of an imaginative boy and didn’t pay too much attention. Since these events were to take place “at some future time,” people continued with their normal routines. Still, the family carefully preserved the unusual document. A SON OF PROMISE Kara Kala eventually became home to the Shakarian family— my great-grandfather, Demos, with his wife and five daughters. This Armenian family worked a small farm and also raised cattle. His wife, Goolisar, had become a Spirit-filled Christian and worshiped regularly with those of like faith. However, Demos was a Presbyterian, and did not fully embrace those who believed in supernatural manifestations of the Spirit of God. He would, however, visit their meetings from time to time. If you understand the culture of this region, dating back to the times of ancient Israel, it is a stigma on a family for a mother not to produce a son. And, with five daughters, this seemed to be the lot of the Shakarians. One day in May, 1891, Goolisar, was in the corner of their one-room house, quietly sewing. Yet tears were streaming down her cheeks. She could no longer hold in the sadness of not being able to give birth to a son and heir to carry on the family name. Several men had been working outside and came into the house. They saw how upset she was and Marardich Mushegan, who was a prophet, asked, “Why are you crying?” She answered, “Because I do not have a son.” Suddenly, Maradich walked over to her and said, “Goolisar, the Lord has just spoken to me.” “Yes?” she answered. “He has given me a message for you. One year from today you are going to be the mother of a son.” Later that afternoon, Demos came home from working in the fields and she told him the exciting news of Mushegan’s announcement. He gave her a big smile, but remained extremely skeptical of anything to do with spiritual gifts or prophecy. This did not stop him, however, from circling the date on the family calendar. It is hard to keep good news to yourself, and soon the entire village had heard the story. Then, when Goolisar became pregnant, tongues were really wagging. Could this possibly be true? On the exact date that was prophesied, May 25, 1892, Goolisar gave birth to a baby boy. They named him Isaac— which was appropriate, because he too was like Abraham’s son of promise. THE SACK IN THE BARN When my grandfather, Isaac, was about seven years old, a group of Russian Spirit-filled Christians began periodic visits to Kara Kala to enjoy fellowship with believers. Every few months they would travel in a caravan of horse-pulled covered wagons— about 20 to a wagon. Demos, a Presbyterian, was extremely hospitable. He could speak Russian fluently and would arrange housing for the visitors with various families. The Russians were easy to recognize, dressed in their tunics with high collars, tied at the waist with colorful, tasseled cords. You could spot the married men— they were the ones sporting full beards. Since Demos raised cattle, each time the visitors arrived, he would butcher a fatted steer and his family would prepare a sumptuous feast to be served. This was a huge event in Kara Kala. “They’re coming. They’re coming!” announced an excited villager when he saw the caravan approaching from the distant hills. Needing to feed at least 100 visitors, Demos picked out the finest steer he could find. This was not just for the visitors, but it was also an offering to the Lord. This particular day he looked over the cattle and found an animal that was the fattest of the herd. There was just one problem. Due to an injury it had only one eye. Demos was well aware that according to Scripture he was not to offer a blemished animal to the Lord but he decided that since the steer he had chosen was the largest, he could compromise just a little. He rationalized, “I’m sure God will understand.” So he went ahead and killed the animal. Then he placed the severed head in a sack which he hid beneath a large pile of hay in a corner of the barn. Next, he prepared the beef and was ready for the celebration. HOW COULD HE KNOW? When the caravan arrived there was jubilation in Kara Kala. That evening, as everyone gathered for the meal, it was time for the usual rituals. In front of long plank tables, the Shakarian family was asked to step forward and kneel to receive the blessing of one of the visiting Russian elders. Standing at the side, watching carefully, was a white-haired man, their appointed prophet. First, the hosts were to be blessed, then the beef offering. In fact, the entire evening was one of both celebration and worship. Appetites were heightened from the wafting aroma of the meat which was being cooked on a long spit over a huge bed of charcoal. However, just before the prayer for the beef, the entire process came to an abrupt halt. Suddenly the prophet turned and began to walk away from the ceremony. People questioned, ”What is he doing? Where is he going?” Of course, the elder in charge didn’t want to continue in the prophet’s absence, so he asked those gathered to sing a hymn until he returned. When the prophet did come back and Demos saw what was in his hand, his heart sank and he broke out in a cold sweat. He was carrying the sack which had been hidden under the pile of threshed wheat. Then, in front of the kneeling Shakarians, the prophet opened the cloth bag and exposed the head of the steer with the blemished eye. “Do you have anything to confess?” the old man asked. “Yes, I do,” Demos replied. “But how did you know?” “God told me,” the prophet answered.” A contrite Demos made a full confession and asked for the Lord’s forgiveness. Not only did God forgive him, so did everyone present. For the first time, he was totally convinced that the manifestations of the Holy Spirit were of God— and he personally received these spiritual gifts
Now 30 years of service finished 8 months before final return to his native land, Dwight inspects entire nation American Board then occupied said many times, " Now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace." In January, 1861, eight months before his final return to his native land, he undertook a tour of inspection over the entire field which the missions of the American Board then occupied in Turkey, and more than once he expressed his readiness to say like Simeon of old, " Now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace." There was a keen sense of satisfaction in his words: I have now completed my work. I have visited every station of the Board actually occupied, in the Turkish and Persian empires, excepting those among the Bulgarians. It has been my privilege to see all the missionaries and their families,—a rare body of men and women, of whom our churches and our country may well be proud, — and also to become personally acquainted with hundreds and thousands of the dear Protestant brethren and sisters of this land — God's lights in the midst of surrounding darkness, God's witnesses where the very seat of Satan is --Source: The Armenian Awakening: A History of the Armenian Church 1820-1860
Efim Klubnikin has an update apocalyptic forecast in Russian. His prophecy: “Those who believe in this will go on a journey to a far land, while the unbelievers will remain in place. Our people will go on a long journey over the great and deep waters. People from all countries will go there. There will be a great war. All kings will shed blood like great rivers. Two steamships will leave to cross the impassable ocean.” Though the Molokans believed in prophecy, because it came from a boy, it was basically ignored. However, in 1901, Efim, now 56 years old, called a meeting of the elders of Molokan churches and villages in the area surrounding Karakale. He reminded them of the prophetic word he received 40 years earlier. He told them the decades-old prophecy would soon come to pass and people needed to leave. 'Efim called a meeting, he invited the elders from all the Molokan villages including the two elders of the Armenian Molokan church. He prophesied this was the time for them to leave Russia as there were terrible times coming, especially for the Armenians,' said Ms Keosababian-Bivin. He added two further revelations. America was, he said, 'a land of the living' while mass slaughter would engulf their homeland. Presciently, he urged them to go quickly - as he himself would do - and cautioned: 'The doors will close, and leaving Russia will be impossible.' He warned — there was only a small window of opportunity. The Armenians needed to move quickly because the government would soon close the door to people leaving the country. The second was that they were not only to go to the US but to America’s west coast and used a crudely drawn map to point to California. Many families sold up their homes and land at knockdown prices, or simply fled, to escape the coming horrors. It is substantially due to the prophecy that many of Kim's forebears came to Los Angeles, a city where the clan thrived and made their name. But many were jeered as they left Karakale, now known as Merkez Karakale, and mocked for their belief in the prophecy of coming doom. Poignantly, the village is almost in the shadow of the magnificent volcanic Mount Ararat, supposedly the resting place of Noah's Ark when the world faced an earlier catastrophe, a fact which led some of the Armenians to believe they would be safe here. Yet all those who stayed in Karakale would pay with their lives. From Richard Shakarian’s book: Still the Happiest People on Earth: Elfim gets a word and tells people to leave. He is 56 years old. Many Including Shakarian family and (Kim) Kardashian family go to CA. As a result of the powerful impact this made on the community, many Armenian and Russian families determined that they would never compromise with Almighty God. WAS THIS THE HOUR? The year was 1900— the turn of a new century. It had been 45 years since Efim, the 11-year-old received his vision from God. But since none of his writings had come true, many had decided, “He’s just a false prophet.” Now 56, Efim was still living in Kara Kala when he heard a voice from heaven once more. God was telling him, “This is the time. Warn the people. What I revealed will soon come to pass.” Immediately, he rushed to every person in the village and the surrounding area, “The hour has come. Now is the time to leave the country and flee to America. It is true. Don’t delay!” He did his best to explain that unless they heeded the warning they would be faced with far more tribulation than their Russian ancestors experienced a half-century earlier. He pleaded, “Soon the door will close and leaving will be impossible.” Efim’s family were among the first to flee— and they took the prophetic text with them and preserved it in a small church they established in Los Angeles. The largest exodus, however, began after a 1904 conference of Molokan elders representing both Russian and Armenian Spirit-filled communities. The prophecy of Efim was now taken seriously and they officially supported the decision to leave. AN UNCERTAIN FUTURE As each family departed, they were mocked by unbelievers. “You are crazy, they were told. You are living a fantasy.” Why would so many Armenians ridicule them when they knew how Noah and his family were laughed at centuries earlier? All they had to do was look up at Mount Ararat and see where the ark came to rest! Over the next few years (until 1912), hundreds of Christian families left for the west coast of America
After the birth of Isaac, Demos knew God had that connection to our practical lives but how far did this go? He had guests over and he decided to take an easy way out
Finally, between 1903 and 1912 several thousand Russians and Armenians arrived in the city, refugees from Russia’s increasingly repressive government. Unlike most Russians, they did not belong to the Orthodox church. They were Molokans, literally “milk drinkers,” a name they received because they refused to fast from dairy products during traditional fast days. More importantly, they could be described as a “proto-Protestant” group, since they had been influenced by some of the sixteenth-century Reformers. They also had a special appreciation for the Holy Spirit. Many of them claimed that they had been directed to leave southern Russia through the gift of prophecy. They engaged in what was often described as ecstatic behavior, jumping and dancing; falling on the floor when they believed that they were possessed of the Holy Spirit to do so; and singing chant-like songs that strongly paralleled the “singing in the Spirit” (a multi-layered, harmony-rich singing in tongues that are unknown to the singers and are believed to be inspired by the Holy Spirit) at the Azusa Street Mission. Robeck, Cecil M.. The Azusa Street Mission and Revival (p. 57). Thomas Nelson. Kindle Edition. New entry They tended to cluster in several neighborhoods. One group clustered around the mission itself,another near the house on North Bonnie Brae Street, a third one in the Armenian neighborhood between Temple and Sunset, another in the downtown area south of the mission, another between Santa Fe and the railroad tracks near Lenard Street, and still another in Highland Park. The existence of these clusters strongly suggests that some of these people shared the message effectively with their neighbors. The more radical worship services in various Wesleyan holiness congregations in Los Angeles had given plenty of room for the white folk that participated in them to shout or to fall on the floor as they were “slain in the Spirit.” Recent Russian and Armenian Molokan immigrants already practiced the unusual jumping and chanting also found at the mission. Worship at the Azusa Street Mission differed in this: when expressions from this variety of cultures were brought together in one place, something new transpired that traditional Christians in Los Angeles—indeed, the city as a whole—was ill prepared to embrace. This was a revival unlike any other the city of Los Angeles had ever seen. No wonder some perceptive skeptic had written, on the day the mission received its first notice in the Los Angeles Daily Times, “Another new religion, in Los Angeles, of course.” This certainly seemed a new phenomenon—this seemingly uninhibited mixture of African Americans, Latinos, Armenians, Russians, Swedes, Germans, Italians, Chinese, Japanese, Native Americans, and other ethnic groups who found space among them for the bountiful presence of ecstatic manifestations such as speaking in tongues, prophesying, claims of dreams and visions, trances, healings, exorcism, and falling “in the Spirit.” “Singing in the Spirit” accomplished more than an expression of worship, however. It also provided a bridge that brought Russian and Armenian Molokans into the mission—among them the Shakarian and Mushegian families. These families arrived in Los Angeles in the 1905 emigration. The Molokans commonly practiced a kind of “sing-song” prayer, a form of vocal prayer and praise that resembled “singing in the Spirit.” Walking down San Pedro Street in 1906, Demos Shakarian, grandfather of the Demos Shakarian who would later found the Full Gospel Businessmen’s Association, and his brother-in-law, Magardich Mushegian, passed the Azusa Street Mission. As they drew near, they heard sounds of praying, singing, and speaking in tongues coming from the mission— expressions that they identified as similar to their own. The single phenomenon of “singing in tongues” convinced Demos to embrace the mission as a place his family could worship. From the moment he heard it, he concluded that “God was also beginning to move in America just as He had in their homeland of Armenia and in Russia.”27 Robeck, Cecil M.. The Azusa Street Mission and Revival (p. 108-153). Thomas Nelson. Kindle Edition. Canada would turn away Armenian Refugees forcing many to head for the United States. Baja CA would offer land to Molokans. However the thousands of Armenian Jumpers first residences would be congregated about the Azusa Street locations, first on Bonnie Brae Street then later the converted barn on Azusa Street
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