Russian Literature

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Era

The future of Russian literature

2010 - 2015

How will the authors continue the traditions set up by Lomonosov, Pushkin, and Tolstoy? Watch the video about Russian literature in XXI century.

Cyberfantasy: Viktor Pelevin

1998 - 2015

Pelevin's most famous book 'Generation P' was sold in over 3.5 million copies worldwide.

Tatyana Tolstaya, postmodernist writer

1997 - 2015

T.Tolstaya is one of the most famous contemporary postmodernist Russian writers, coming from the famous Tolstoy family.

Postmodernism

1996 - 2015

Postmodernism in Russian literature consists in combination of opposite concepts: the sublime and the low, the fragments and integrity.

Post-Soviet era

1991 - 2001

The political and economic chaos affected the book market and literature heavily. The number of printed book copies dropped several times.

''Strongly advised' to emigrate: Joseph Brodsky

1970 - 1990

J.Brodsky was awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Literature 'for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity.'

Being in love with Russia, writing from abroad: Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

1970 - 1990

A Nobel Prize winner, Solzhenitsyn was expelled from USSR after raising global awareness of GULAG forced labor camp system in 'The Gulag Archipelago.'

Russian-American: Vladimir Nabokov

1955 - 1990

Nabokov's Lolita (1955) is often considered his finest work in English. It exhibits the love of intricate word play and synesthetic detail.

Forced to decline the Nobel Prize: Yuri Pastenak

1950 - 1957

For writing 'Doctor Zhivago' masterpiece, Yuri Zhivago was rewarded a Nobel Prize in Literature which he decined due to a political pressure.

Stayed apart from socialism: Mikhail Bulgakov

1940 - 1960

M.Bulgakov, the author of the novel 'Master and Margarita' could not see this grand novel published during his living because of the Khrutschev Thaw.

Maxim Gorky, the predictor of revolution

1917 - 1936

M.Gorky (real name: Alexey Maximovich Peshkov) was a Russian and Soviet writer, a founder of the socialist realism and a political activist.

Socialist Realism

1917 - 1960

Socialistrealsim showed a glorified depiction of communist values, such as the emancipation of the proletariat, in a realistic manner in USSR.

Daniil Kharms, activist at OBERIU

1916 - 1942

Daniil Kharms was an early Soviet-era surrealist and absurdist poet, writer and dramatist, one of the members of OBERIU movement.

OBERIU avant-garde group

1916 - 1930

OBERIU movement (the Union of Real Art) was a short-lived collective of Russian Futurist writers, musicians, and artists in the 1930s.

Vladimir Mayakovsky, major futurist poet

1915 - 1930

V.Mayakovsky was a prominent figure of the Russian Futurist movement and signed Futurist manifesto, A Slap in the Face of Public Taste.

Futurism

1915 - 1960

Russian Futurists were fascinated with the dynamism, speed, and restlessness of modern machines and urban life.

Nikolay Gumilev and Anna Akhmatova

1905 - 1918

Together with Osip Mandelshtam, N.Gumilev and A.Akhmatova were the three main figures of acmeism.

Acmeism

1905 - 1950

Acmeism teaches to seek beauty in the natural and physical world—to be industrious in language and vision to reflect the realness of the subject.

Alexander Blok, major symbolist poet

1900 - 1921

A.Blok's work is distinguished by the idealized mystical images, that helped establish him as a major poet of the Russian Symbolism.

Symbolism

1900 - 1930

Symbolists believed in the cooperation of music and poetry and the importance of symbols.

Silver Age

1890 - 1940

The Silver Age of Russian literature includes three main poetic groups: symbolysm, acmeism, and futurism.

Anton Chekhov,the father of modern short story

1880 - 1904

A.Chekhov was a Russian physician, playwright and author who is considered to be among the greatest writers of short stories in history.

Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace

1850

L.Tolstoy's War and Peace is considered one of the most influential works in the long history of Russian literature.

Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Crime and Punishment

1840 - 1881

F.Dostoyevsky was a Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist, journalist and philosopher. 'Crime and Punishment' is his best-known work.

Nikolai Gogol, master of grotesque

1830 - 1852

N. Gogol a Russian dramatist, novelist and short story writer. His works contain romantic sensibility, with strains of surrealism and the grotesque.

Realism

1830 - 1910

Russian realism in literature consists of large works, mostly in prose with a close cooperation with psychology.

Mikhail Lermontov, poet of Caucasius

1824 - 1841

M.Lermontov has founded the tradition of the Russian psychological novel. A Hero of Our Time, written by him, became an example for other writers.

Alexander Pushkin, the Sun of Russian poetry

1810 - 1837

A.Pushkin has written more than 800 literary works, such as poems, novels, and faitytales. Eugene Onegin is one of the most famous poems.

Romanticism

1800 - 1850

The Golden Era of Russian literature. The natural conditions are predicting emotional states of the characters; psychology and literature unite.

Nikolay Karamzin, the founder of sentimentalism

1780 - 1826

N.Karamzin is best remembered for his 12-volume History of the Russian State and Poor Liza novel, a classic of Russian sentimentalism.

Sentimentalism

1770 - 1820

Sentimentalists intend to evoke a strong emotional response to characters and narrative. A conflict is always between a character and the outer world.

Gavrila Derzhavin, the father of Russian poets

1750 - 1800

Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin worked in the office of state under Catherine the Great. He is also famous for his ode On the Death of Prince Meschersky.

Mikhail Lomonosov, the father of Russian poetry

1730 - 1760

Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov is a scientist and a writer. One of his most famous odeas is Evening Meditation on the God's Grandeur.

Classicism

1700 - 1800

The Formation of the modern Russian literary language appeared in the period of classicism. Ode is the most popular genre of the time.

Life of the archpriest Avvakum

1650 - 1680

Autobiography of the archpriest Avvakum is the first the first work written in colloquial Russian.

Bylinas, oral poems

1550 - 1700

Bylina is a traditional East Slavic oral epic narrative poem. It is loosely based on historical fact, greatly embellished with fantasy.

A Journey Beyond the Three Seas

1466 - 1472

A Journey is a Russian literary monument in the form of travel notes, made by a merchant from Tver, Afanasiy Nikitin, during his journey to India.

Zadonshchina, Battle of Kulikovo

1380 - 1400

Zadonshchina (the region beyond the Don River) is a Russian literary monument, which tells of the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380.

The Tale of Igor's Campaign

1185 - 1200

The Tale is an anonymous epic poem written in the Old East Slavic language. about a failed raid of Igor Svyatoslavich in 1202 against the Polovtsians.

The Tale of Bygone Years, or Primary Chronicle

1110 - 1113

The Tale of Bygone Years is a history of Kievan Rus' from about 850 to 1110.

Sermon on Law and Grace

1030 - 1050

The Sermon on Law and Grace, written by Kievan Metropolitan Hilarion, is one of the earliest Slavonic texts available.

Old Russian Literature

1000 - 1600

Old Russian literature was mostly represented by anonymous chronicles and oral folk epics.

Introduction of writing in Russia

0988 - 1000

The introduction of writing in Russia is related to the Christianization of ancient Russia.

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Russian Literature

The history of Russian literature, its stages, tendencies, genres, and writers in an interactive timeline. The dates written are not the dates of birth, but the dates pointing the time framework within which a certain writer was or is worikng.

This timeline was made as a project for Multimedia Journalism class at the American University in Bulgaria by Diana Elagina.

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