The treaty was an agreement (capitulación) between the monarchs of what was later called Spain, Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, on the one hand, and John II, King of Portugal, on the other.
Marks the first time that one of the Iberian states bases its claim to territory on a right of first discovery rather than on papal edict.
Presenting at the University of Salamanca on the legal position of newly colonised natives of the West Indies and what laws of war apply to them.
Francisco Suárez is one of the best known members of a major 16th- and 17th-century intellectual movement known as the ‘School of Salamanca’ or the ‘second scholastic’.
Alberico Gentili, jurist, is born on 14 January 1552 in Castello di San Ginesio.
The first treaty between Muslim entities (Ottomans and Safavids).
A landmark in the history of sovereignty, establishing equal respect for the principalities and estates of the Holy Roman Empire adhering to the Catholic and Lutheran confessions
Frenchman Jean Bodin offers a classic definition of sovereignty: "the Sovereign has supreme power over citizens and subjects and is not bound by any laws"
In 1625 Grotius publishes De iure belli ac pacis (On the Law of War and Peace). The work reveals a modern conception of natural law which, whilst still recognizing God as the ultimate legitimating authority, frees international law from some of its theological baggage and offers warring confessions some neutral ground on to find peace in the 30 Years War.
The Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC helped to establish global trade.
Marks the first time that two seafaring nations (England and Spain) agree that all of the seas are governed by law, not just those within so-called "lines of amity".
The term ‘Peace of Westphalia’ principally denotes the Treaty of Peace between France and the Holy Roman Empire and the Treaty of Peace between the Holy Roman Empire and Sweden.
Find out more about Zouche and the origins of international law, with a chapter from Brierly's Law of Nations: An Introduction to the Role of International Law in International Relations.
The first treaty between a European power and a North American indigenous policy
The conclusion of the Second Anglo-Dutch War had lasting implications for both nations’ standing in international affairs.
The law of nations is that which enables States to regulate their self-interest among each other by the basic rule of ‘sociability’.
The peace settlement that put an end to one of the major and most devastating wars in early-modern European history, the War of the Spanish Succession (1700–1713/1714).
Author of 'The Law of Nations' is born in Switzerland.
An alliance between Louis XV of France, George I of Great Britain/Hanover and Frederick William I of Brandenburg/Prussia
First major conflict between European nations being fought outside of Europe.
Brings the concept of self-determination to the world stage. Explore this concept with a chapter from Commentary on UN Charter from OSAIL.
Adopts provisions on non-intervention in other state's affairs, and the treatment of aliens.
A catalogue of fundamental rights and duties is set forth, the Declaration du Droit des Gens, authored by Henri Grégoire.
author of the Lieber Code, also known as A Code for the Government of Armies in the Field, as Authorized by the Laws and Usages of War on Land (1863)
Sparks off independence movement in Latin America
Britain bans the international slave trade in 1807, and the US does so in 1808.
The Congress of Vienna marked the establishment of a new political and legal order for Europe after more than two decades of turmoil and war following the French Revolution.
The USA made it a foreign policy aim to prevent European States from establishing new footholds as against the newly independent States in the Americas.
US Supreme Court decision defines the Doctrine of Discovery and what it means for European acquisition of land from indigenous peoples
Originator of the Calvo Clause and Calvo Doctrine
Heralds a new era of autonomy and regionalism in Latin America
This intervention was seen by some as the birth of humanitarian intervention
Marks the beginning of agreements on shared resources
Read more about Mexico's independence in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law.
Cedes Hong Kong to Britain
Author of the leading text on diplomatic law and practice
Turns Great Britain into protector of the high seas of free trade
The first serious attempt by the two leading powers of the Middle East – Persia and the Ottoman Empire - to demarcate a precise border
The first international treaty under modern international law to which Japan was a party
A sign that the empire had secured recognition as a full-fledged ‘European’ State
Colonial rule of the Indian subcontinent began through infiltration of trade monopolies such as the British East India Company (Colonialism).
Author of what is still (in its 9th edition) the leading treatise on international law in English.
The ICRC was established in Geneva in 1863.
Named after its drafter Francis Lieber.
The “Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field” marked the start of international attempts to codify the treatment of the sick, wounded and shipwrecked.
This was the first international organisation established.
The first treaty China agreed with another East Asian state
Seen by leading scholar Martti Koskenniemi as marking the birth of international law as a profession.
The formation of the Indian National Congress (‘INC’) in 1885.
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