The Big Bang occurs, creating the universe. *This was the year the big bang was theorized. *
Astronomer Edwin Hubble discovers that galaxies are moving away from each other, suggesting that the universe is expanding.
Scientists discover the cosmic microwave background radiation, the residual heat left over from the Big Bang.
Astronomers begin to study the distribution of matter in the universe using redshift surveys and discover that galaxies are not evenly distributed but form large-scale structures such as filaments and voids.
Two independent teams of astronomers observe distant supernovae and find that they are dimmer than expected, indicating that the expansion of the universe is accelerating.
The term "dark energy" is coined to describe the mysterious force responsible for the accelerating expansion of the universe.
NASA's Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) is launched, measuring the cosmic microwave background radiation in great detail and confirming the overall structure of the universe.
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) releases the largest 3D map of the universe ever created, revealing the distribution of galaxies and dark matter.
The European Space Agency's Planck satellite is launched, providing even more precise measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation and confirming the existence of dark energy.
The Dark Energy Survey (DES) begins mapping a portion of the southern sky to study dark energy and dark matter.
The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) begins observations of the universe, aiming to create a 3D map of galaxies and measure the effects of dark energy.
Scientists continue to study dark energy through a variety of techniques, including supernova observations, galaxy surveys, and gravitational lensing.
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