Henry Hudson sails with De Halve Maen for the Dutch East India Company (VOC), in search of the fabled Northwest Passage. In September, Hudson sails De Halve Maen into the Hudson River, trades with the Native Americans, and claims the area for the Dutch.
The first merchant ships venture to the Hudson River area for trade opportunities. The St. Pieter is chartered by the Amsterdam merchant group, Vogels, Pelgrom, and Pelgrom, to conduct trade with Native Americans in "Terra Nova."
Adriaen Block sails in the Fortuyn to the Hudson River area for Amsterdam merchants Vogels, Pelgrom, Hunger and Van Tweenhuysen.
Skipper Adriaen Block, in the ship, Fortuyn, faces competition on the Hudson River from Thys Volckertsz Mossel, sailing in the Jonge Tobias for the Hans Claesz merchant partners.
Thys Volckertsz Mossel, sailing for the Hans Claesz merchant group, arrives at the Hudson River in spring. He competes for trade with Adriaen Block of the Fortuyn, by offering higher prices for furs.
The Nachtegael arrives at the Hudson River shortly after Christiaensz' Fortuyn. While Nachtegael skipper Thys Volckertsz Mossel is briefly ashore, eight mutineers from the burned Tyger take the ship in the Hudson River. They sail the Nachtegael to the Caribbean as pirates, return to the Hudson briefly for repairs, and then take the ship to Ireland.
Adriaen Block's Tyger catches fire on the banks of Manhattan and burns. Eight of the Tyger's crew members mutiny and take the Nachtegael, which is on the Hudson along with the Fortuyn. Skipper Block has the ship Onrust built to further explore the area, then returns to Amsterdam on Hendrick Chrisitaensz' Fortuyn. Remnants of a charred ship thought to be the Tyger was found in in Manhattan in 1916, during subway excavation at Dey and Greenwich Streets.
Skipper Cornelis Jacobsz May sails to the Hudson River for Hoorn merchants Brouwer, Kies, and Volckertsz. He sails the Fortuyn back to Amsterdam with the other Fortuyn, skippered by Hendrick Christiaensz.
The Dutch establish a fur trading post, Fort Nassau, on Castle Island, near present-day port of Albany.
The Vosje departs in spring 1613 on a voyage of discovery, in search of the Northwest Passage. On the Hudson River, the skipper Pieter Fransz and two crew members are killed by Native Americans, and the rest of the crew abandons trade.
The Fortuyn makes a third voyage to the Hudson River, this time with skipper Hendrick Christiaensz, who competes with Thys Vockertsz Mossel, sailing with the Nachtegael.
The New Netherland Company is given a patent from the States General for four voyages within three years. The company explores the Delaware River area from New Netherland, though little is known about the activities of the New Netherland Company during this period.
Skipper Jacob Jacobsz Eelkins sails the Schildpad to the Hudson River for trade, in competition with the crew of the Swarte Beer, trading for The New Netherland Company.
Skipper Hendrick Christiaensz sails the Swarte Beer to the Hudson River on behalf of The New Netherland Company. Local Native Americans attack Christiaensz and the crew while the ship lay near Nut Island (now Governor's Island) and he and all but 5 of the crew perish in the conflict. Skipper Adriaen Jorisz Thienpont, in a ship from Vlissingen (name unknown), takes the Swarte Beer, trades its goods, and then has it sailed back to Vlissingen with its cargo of furs.
Skipper Adriaen Jorisz Thienpont, in a ship from Vlissingen (name unknown), comes upon the Swarte Beer after its skipper and all but five of the crew are killed in a Native American attack. He takes the ship, trades its goods and then has it sailed back to Flushing with its cargo of furs.
The Bever sails to New Netherland for the New Netherland Company and returns by September with the Blyde Boodschap and a cargo of furs.
This first voyage to the Hudson for the Witte Duyf fails when the Native Americans refuse to trade with the crew.
Skipper Cornelis Jacobsz May surveys the area around the Delaware River in the Blyde Boodschap and returns by September, along with the Bever, carrying a cargo of furs.
The States General grants the West India Company a monopoly on the fur trade in New Netherland. Free trade in New Netherland by private merchants winds down.
This voyage of the Witte Duyf likely attempts trade at the Delaware River. Thirteen people from this ship plus eight from another ship stay behind in New Netherland with some sloops and yachts.
The Blyde Boodschap sails to New Netherland in November, as a competitor of the Witte Duyf. The two skippers reach a temporary agreement in New Netherland, over trade.
The Witte Duyf leaves at the end of 1621, with skipper Willem Hontom, for its third and penultimate voyage to New Netherland for Eelkens and partners.
The Witte Duyf makes its last voyage to New Netherland. The ship's outfitters sell the yachts and sloops left behind two years earlier to the West India Company.
The Mackreel leaves Amsterdam in July and arrives in December, notedly wasting time in the Caribbean "to catch a fish" (meaning trying to take a prize ship). The ship brings Daniel van Kriekenbeek as suprercargo, who becomes commissary at Fort Orange.
The Eendracht, along with the Nieu Nederlandt, brings some of the first colonists to New Netherland. Skipper Adriaen Jorisz Thienpont drops off passengers at the Connecticut River, the Delaware River, and at Noten Eylandt (Governor's Island) near Manhattan, and leaves others to go to Fort Orange. When the ship returns in summer, he stays behind to command Fort Orange.
The Nieu Nederlandt, along with the Eendracht, brings some of the first colonists to New Netherland. The ship arrives in May with 30 families, mostly Walloons. It returns to Amsterdam in the fall with a cargo of furs.
De Ruyter departs for New Netherland in June, carrying sheep and hogs as well as farming supplies such as wagons and ploughs, in support of the the Schaep, Koe, and Swarte Paert, The ship is taken by Moorish pirates operating off the coast of Africa.
The Mackreel accompanies the Swarte Paert, Koe, and Schaep, carrying six families destined for New Netherland. The ship is taken by Dunkirk Pirates shortly after its departure, its cargo stolen, and passengers ransomed.
The Koe carries horses to the colony. Together with the Swarte Paert, the two ships bring 103 heads of livestock, including stallions, mares, bulls, cows, hogs, and sheep to New Netherland.
The Oranjeboom seeks shelter in Plymouth after getting caught in fierce storms in the English Channel. The ship is detained in Plymouth over Dutch rights to New Netherland. Eleven passengers die from the Plague and 20 others fall ill. The ship finally arrives in New Netherland too late for the planting season.
The Schaep voyages together with the Koe, Swarte Paert, and Mackreel, carrying extra forage for the animals being transported to New Netherland.
De Swarte Paert transports cows to the colony. Between this ship and the Koe, the two ships bring 103 heads of livestock, including stallions, mares, bulls, cows, hogs, and sheep.
The Meeuwken brings Pieter Minuit to New Netherland in spring as the colony's new director.
The Wapen van Amsterdam arrives in July, carrying Isaack de Rasieres as Secretary of New Netherland. The ship returns to Amsterdam with more than seven thousand beaver skins.
The Bruynvisch is sent out from Amsterdam to cruise the Caribbean for prizes and may have brought enslaved Africans to New Netherland from a captured Spanish ship.
The Wapen van Amsterdam arrives in New Netherland in spring, and together with the Drie Koningen, returns to Amsterdam in fall with timber and as many as ten thousand beaver skins.
The Drie Koningen trades successfully in New Netherland and departs in August with the Wapen van Amsterdam. Together, the two ships carry as many as ten thousand furs and a large amount of lumber back to the Dutch Republic.
The small ship Salm leaves from Texel in December accompanying the ship, Walvis, but is taken by Dunkirk pirates just two days later.
The Eendracht departs in March bringing colonists for Rensselaerswyck, including Harmen Meyndertsz van den Bogaert.
De Eendracht leaves in summer, transporting colonists bound for Rensselaerswyck. On the return voyage, the ship, carrying over 5,000 beaver skins, stops in Plymouth due to bad weather and is detained over territory disputes.
David Pietersz de Vries departs with the Walvis in December 1630 intending to settle a colony in Tortuga, but abandons his plans after finding that the Spanish killed the French there. The ship proceeds to the Delaware River area and arrives in spring.
De Walvis stops in Portsmouth in May and the crew spends time attempting whaling near the Isle of Wight. The ship arrives in the Caribbean in early fall, picks up salt at St. Martin, then spends the winter in the Delaware River area before sailing on to Manhattan in spring.
The Eekhoorntje sails together with the Waivis, via Portsmouth and the Caribbean, to New Netherland. Kiliaen van Rensselaer offers skipper Jan Tjepkes Schellinger 1/16th share of the profits on the goods he ships to the colony, in hopes that Schellinger will help oversee his business interests there.
The Goede Hoope van Groningen, coming from St. Marten, stops in New Netherland for repairs after being abandoned by its fleet.
Wouter van Twiller captures the sugar prize St. Martyn in St. Martin and brings it to New Netherland, where it is renamed Hoop. Merchant Govert Loockermans arrives as cook, placed aboard the St. Martyn.
The English ship William arrives in New Netherland in April from London, to trade, and is expelled by Director Van Twiller.
The Soutbergh brings new director Wouter van Twiller and Reverend Everardus Bogardus to New Netherland. Van Twiller takes a sugar-laden prize underway, in St. Martin, and brings it to New Netherland under the name St. Martyn, and later, Hoop.
The Eendracht arrives in summer bringing colonists for Rensselaerswyck. The ship stays out for over a year, delayed by a strong New Netherland winter, and Kiliaen van Rensselaer worries that the ship has been lost.
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