The Evolution of Ballot Papers

Countries' Political History Through the Design of Ballot Papers.

Max Valentin (Curator, FABEL) - "In this exhibition of ballot papers spanning more than 100 years with a focus on five countries, we can see how ballots mirror and change with historical context, societal demands, and geopolitical influences: the influence and spread of the party focussed French ballot system in the earlier part of the 20th century, and the rise in popularity of the single, government-issued, Australian ballot over time."

Therese Pearce-Laanela (Senior Programme Manager, International IDEA) - "The design of a ballot paper is important to election administrators as a key tool to understand the voter’s intentions and political choices: a good design presents clear and understandable options to voter and reduces the chances of voter error. But beyond this utilitarian function, the ballot carries a powerful symbolic value of the compact between the citizen and the state, or, more simply put: ‘my vote matters’. This exhibition presents a range of ballots that illustrate these design choices and historical significance – from the 2000 Florida Gore – Bush ‘hanging chad’ ballot, to the South African 1994 first post-apartheid ballot."

This timeline has been made available through close cooperation between Studio Kalleinen (FI), IESC (LT), Folkevirket (DK), Fabel (SE) and International IDEA with financial support by Nordic Culture Fund

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The First Ballots

The origins

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1829

Slips of Paper and Open Voting

Non-secret voting

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1838

Secret Ballot

Early history of the secret ballot

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1856

The Origins of the "Australian Ballot"

Australia's addition to the 'Secret Ballot"

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1864

Danish Parliamentary Election 1864

National parliament, Turnout: 40%, Write in ballot, Indirect system.

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1893

Women's suffrage in New Zealand

Women and voting

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1899

Swedish Parliamentary Election 1899

National parliament (Second chamber), Turnout: 42%, Write in ballot, Mixed system

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1907

Finnish Parliamentary Elections 1907

National parliament, Turnout: 71 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot) (sample), Open list proportional system

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1910

The Origins of the "French Ballot"

The "Multi Ballot"

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1911

Finnish Parliamentary Election 1911

National parliament, Turnout: 60 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), Open list proportional system

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1914 - 1918

World War I

War and politics

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1917

Russian Revolution

The end of imperial rule in Russia

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1917

1917 Russian Constituent Assembly Election

National assembly, turnout: 58%, proportional representation

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1918

The Constituent Assembly meets

Start of the communist era

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1918 - 1920

1918 flu pandemic

The Spanish Flu

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1918

Denmark 1918

Danish ballot paper reform

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1918

1918 US Midterm Elections

Congressional and Gubernatorial elections, turnout: 40%

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1919

Finnish Parliamentary Election 1919

National parliament, Turnout: 67 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), Open list proportional system

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1920

Danish Parliamentary Election 1920

National parliament, Turnout approx. 75 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation

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1920

Lithuanian Parliamentary Election 1920

National parliament, Turnout: 90 %, Multi-ballot (French ballot), List proportional representation

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1921

Swedish Parliamentary Election 1921

National parliament, Turnout: 54%, Multi-ballot (French ballot), List proportional representation

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1926

Lithuanian Parliamentary Election 1926

National parliament, Turnout: 86 %, Multi-ballot (French ballot), List proportional representation

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1933

German Parliamentary Election 1933

National parliament, Turnout: 89 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation

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1933

Nazi Germany Parliament Election 1933

National parliament, Turnout: 95 %, Unity ballot, Indirect (non-democratic)

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1936

Lithuanian Parliamentary Election 1936

National parliament, Turnout: 68 %, Single -ballot (Australian ballot) hybrid, Nominal list of candidates

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1939 - 1945

World War II

The Second World War

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1945

Finnish Parliamentary Election 1945

National parliament Turnout: 75 % Write in ballot (left), Single ballot, (Australian ballot) (right), Open list proportional system

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1945

Danish Parliamentary Election 1945

Parliament, Turnout: 86 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation

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1947 - 1980

Lithuanian Parliamentary Elections 1947-1980

National parliament, Turnout: approximately 99%, Ballot cards Writie-in ballot, Non-democratic

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1948

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The foundation of modern international law

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1949

East Germany Parliamentary Election 1949

National parliament, Turnout: 95 %, Single ballot, Non-democratic

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1949

West Germany Parliamentary Election 1949

National parliament Turnout: 79 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), Mixed-member proportional representation

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1951

Finnish Parliamentary Election 1951

National parliament, Turnout: 75 %, Write in ballot, Open list proportional representation

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1953

Danish Parliamentary Election 1953

Lower House (Folketinget), 80 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation

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1954

Finnish Parliamentary Election 1954

National parliament, turnout: 80 %, Write in ballot, List proportional representation

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1958

Swedish Municipal Election 1958

Municipal, Turnout: 87%, Multi-ballot (French ballot), List proportional representation

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1970

Finnish Parliamentary Election 1970

National parliament, Turnout: 82 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation

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1970

Swedish Parliamentary Election 1970

National parliament, 88%, Multi-ballot (French ballot), List proportional representation

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1973

Danish Parliamentary Election 1973

Parliament, 89 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation

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1985

1985 Zimbabwean Parliamentary Elections

National Parliament, turnout: 75.47%, single ballot, preferential voting

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1985

1985 Liberian General Election

Congressional and Presidential elections

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1987

1987 Haitian General Election

Legislative and presidential elections

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1989

1989 Namibian Parliamentary Election

National Parliament, turnout: 97.04%

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1989

Fall of the Berlin Wall

The end of the Cold War

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1990

East Germany Parliamentary Election 1990

National parliament, Turnout: 93 %, Single ballot (Australian), List proportional representation

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1990

Lithuania Parliamentary Election 1990

National parliament, Turnout: 72 %, Multi-ballot (French ballot), Two-round system

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1990

German Parliamentary Election 1990

National parliament. Turnout: 78 %. Single ballot (Dual vote). Mixed-member proportional representation

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1993

Cambodian Constituent Assembly Election 1993

Parliament, Turnout: 90 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation

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1994

South African Parliamentary Election 1994

National Parliament, Turnout: 87 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation

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1996

Lithuania Parliamentary Election 1996

National parliament, Turnout: 53 %, Single-ballot (Australian ballot), Open list proportional

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The Evolution of Ballot Papers

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Launch
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We'd love to hear from you. Please send questions or feedback to the below email addresses.

Before contacting us, you may wish to visit our FAQs page which has lots of useful info on Tiki-Toki.

We can be contacted by email at: hello@tiki-toki.com.

You can also follow us on twitter at twitter.com/tiki_toki.

If you are having any problems with Tiki-Toki, please contact us as at: help@tiki-toki.com

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