The Evolution of Ballot Papers
Countries' Political History Through the Design of Ballot Papers.
Max Valentin (Curator, FABEL) - "In this exhibition of ballot papers spanning more than 100 years with a focus on five countries, we can see how ballots mirror and change with historical context, societal demands, and geopolitical influences: the influence and spread of the party focussed French ballot system in the earlier part of the 20th century, and the rise in popularity of the single, government-issued, Australian ballot over time." ;xNLx;;xNLx;Therese Pearce-Laanela (Senior Programme Manager, International IDEA) - "The design of a ballot paper is important to election administrators as a key tool to understand the voter’s intentions and political choices: a good design presents clear and understandable options to voter and reduces the chances of voter error. But beyond this utilitarian function, the ballot carries a powerful symbolic value of the compact between the citizen and the state, or, more simply put: ‘my vote matters’. This exhibition presents a range of ballots that illustrate these design choices and historical significance – from the 2000 Florida Gore – Bush ‘hanging chad’ ballot, to the South African 1994 first post-apartheid ballot." ;xNLx;;xNLx;This timeline has been made available through close cooperation between Studio Kalleinen (FI), IESC (LT), Folkevirket (DK), Fabel (SE) and International IDEA with financial support by Nordic Culture Fund
0600-01-01 00:00:00
The First Ballots
The origins
1829-01-01 07:16:22
Slips of Paper and Open Voting
Non-secret voting
1838-03-01 07:16:22
Secret Ballot
Early history of the secret ballot
1856-01-01 23:54:32
The Origins of the "Australian Ballot"
Australia's addition to the 'Secret Ballot"
1864-06-07 06:24:47
Danish Parliamentary Election 1864
National parliament, Turnout: 40%, Write in ballot, Indirect system.
1893-09-19 00:35:07
Women's suffrage in New Zealand
Women and voting
1899-09-22 06:24:47
Swedish Parliamentary Election 1899
National parliament (Second chamber), Turnout: 42%, Write in ballot, Mixed system
1907-03-16 00:00:00
Finnish Parliamentary Elections 1907
National parliament, Turnout: 71 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot) (sample), Open list proportional system
1910-01-01 23:54:32
The Origins of the "French Ballot"
The "Multi Ballot"
1911-01-03 00:00:00
Finnish Parliamentary Election 1911
National parliament, Turnout: 60 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), Open list proportional system
1914-06-28 12:00:00
World War I
War and politics
1917-03-08 23:04:54
Russian Revolution
The end of imperial rule in Russia
1917-11-25 00:00:00
1917 Russian Constituent Assembly Election
National assembly, turnout: 58%, proportional representation
1918-01-05 00:00:00
The Constituent Assembly meets
Start of the communist era
1918-02-01 00:00:00
1918 flu pandemic
The Spanish Flu
1918-04-01 20:34:29
Denmark 1918
Danish ballot paper reform
1918-11-05 00:00:00
1918 US Midterm Elections
Congressional and Gubernatorial elections, turnout: 40%
1919-03-03 00:00:00
Finnish Parliamentary Election 1919
National parliament, Turnout: 67 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), Open list proportional system
1920-04-01 20:34:29
Danish Parliamentary Election 1920
National parliament, Turnout approx. 75 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation
1920-04-16 00:00:00
Lithuanian Parliamentary Election 1920
National parliament, Turnout: 90 %, Multi-ballot (French ballot), List proportional representation
1921-09-26 06:24:47
Swedish Parliamentary Election 1921
National parliament, Turnout: 54%, Multi-ballot (French ballot), List proportional representation
1926-05-10 00:00:00
Lithuanian Parliamentary Election 1926
National parliament, Turnout: 86 %, Multi-ballot (French ballot), List proportional representation
1933-03-05 00:00:00
German Parliamentary Election 1933
National parliament, Turnout: 89 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation
1933-11-12 11:17:49
Nazi Germany Parliament Election 1933
National parliament, Turnout: 95 %, Unity ballot, Indirect (non-democratic)
1936-06-10 00:00:00
Lithuanian Parliamentary Election 1936
National parliament, Turnout: 68 %, Single -ballot (Australian ballot) hybrid, Nominal list of candidates
1939-09-01 23:04:54
World War II
The Second World War
1945-03-18 00:00:00
Finnish Parliamentary Election 1945
National parliament Turnout: 75 % Write in ballot (left), Single ballot, (Australian ballot) (right), Open list proportional system
1945-10-30 16:09:43
Danish Parliamentary Election 1945
Parliament, Turnout: 86 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation
1947-10-25 16:45:10
Lithuanian Parliamentary Elections 1947-1980
National parliament, Turnout: approximately 99%, Ballot cards Writie-in ballot, Non-democratic
1948-12-10 00:35:07
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The foundation of modern international law
1949-05-15 06:32:28
East Germany Parliamentary Election 1949
National parliament, Turnout: 95 %, Single ballot, Non-democratic
1949-08-14 16:01:54
West Germany Parliamentary Election 1949
National parliament Turnout: 79 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), Mixed-member proportional representation
1951-01-17 00:00:00
Finnish Parliamentary Election 1951
National parliament, Turnout: 75 %, Write in ballot, Open list proportional representation
1953-04-22 15:40:25
Danish Parliamentary Election 1953
Lower House (Folketinget), 80 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation
1954-03-08 22:23:37
Finnish Parliamentary Election 1954
National parliament, turnout: 80 %, Write in ballot, List proportional representation
1958-06-01 06:24:47
Swedish Municipal Election 1958
Municipal, Turnout: 87%, Multi-ballot (French ballot), List proportional representation
1970-03-16 22:23:37
Finnish Parliamentary Election 1970
National parliament, Turnout: 82 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation
1970-09-20 06:24:47
Swedish Parliamentary Election 1970
National parliament, 88%, Multi-ballot (French ballot), List proportional representation
1973-12-04 09:39:51
Danish Parliamentary Election 1973
Parliament, 89 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation
1985-06-27 03:05:15
1985 Zimbabwean Parliamentary Elections
National Parliament, turnout: 75.47%, single ballot, preferential voting
1985-10-15 03:05:15
1985 Liberian General Election
Congressional and Presidential elections
1987-11-29 00:00:00
1987 Haitian General Election
Legislative and presidential elections
1989-11-07 03:05:15
1989 Namibian Parliamentary Election
National Parliament, turnout: 97.04%
1989-11-09 23:04:54
Fall of the Berlin Wall
The end of the Cold War
1990-03-18 21:27:47
East Germany Parliamentary Election 1990
National parliament, Turnout: 93 %, Single ballot (Australian), List proportional representation
1990-10-20 16:45:10
Lithuania Parliamentary Election 1990
National parliament, Turnout: 72 %, Multi-ballot (French ballot), Two-round system
1990-12-02 18:58:49
German Parliamentary Election 1990
National parliament. Turnout: 78 %. Single ballot (Dual vote). Mixed-member proportional representation
1993-05-23 00:00:00
Cambodian Constituent Assembly Election 1993
Parliament, Turnout: 90 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation
1994-04-29 00:00:00
South African Parliamentary Election 1994
National Parliament, Turnout: 87 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation
1996-10-20 16:45:10
Lithuania Parliamentary Election 1996
National parliament, Turnout: 53 %, Single-ballot (Australian ballot), Open list proportional