This timeline maps some developments in education, security, and homelessness, connected through the history and geography of the recently abandoned Santa Fe University of Art and Design campus. I was on site July 2018 for an Equal Justice Residency at the Santa Fe Art Institute.;xNLx;;xNLx;I am exploring intersections between art and economics, using timelines and participatory performance pieces to map and choreograph the stories.;xNLx;;xNLx;This timeline is @40% complete. Remaining work includes additional content, adding media (photos, video, audio, interviews, articles, links), improving the design and accessibility, and citations.
"Frequently references are made that homelessness as we know it today is rooted in severe HUD cuts in the early 1980s. While policy changes did have a large impact exacerbating the problem, homelessness has been documented in America since 1640. In the 1640s homelessness was seen as a moral deficiency, a character flaw. Today, those experiencing homelessness has nothing to do with a person’s intrinsic worth. Homelessness is a complex social issue with many variables. Unfortunately, for those experiencing homelessness, the impact of the values of the 1640s are still pervasive." by Robert Fischer, Plymouth Congregational Church
St. Michael’s College — or, as it was first known, El Colegio de San Miguel — was founded in 1859 by four brothers of the De La Salle Christian order from France. At the behest of Bishop Jean-Baptiste Lamy, they opened a school for boys in Santa Fe in an adobe hut next to the San Miguel Mission on what is now Old Santa Fe Trail. The institution’s plan for financial longevity depended heavily on attracting out-of-towners who would pay to board, while tuition for locals was often discounted.
"Laden within the best-selling, over-the-counter drugs sold by such patent companies as Bayer were the narcotics opium, cocaine, marijuana, and alcohol, just to name a few. The population could not get enough of them, and from 1859 to 1903 the revenues earned by patent drug companies rose from $3.5 million annually to $74.5 million.4 In the early years of the 20th century, and to little surprise in retrospect, America was home to a thriving culture of addicts, a great portion of them confused by their affliction for their diligent use of “doctor recommended” medicines." ________________________________________________________________________________________ At the bottom of this article (after the footnotes), please read an interesting rebuttal by Paul Lukitsch: "Those whose possessed the brilliance a decade or two later, who sought to prohibit various substances (illegally) without regard to anyone’s safety, but only to benefit their greed or power coined terms such as “addict”. "
when the territory granted a charter to the “College of the Christian Brothers of New Mexico,” St. Michael’s expanded to include a program of higher education, but because of financial issues, the college program was dropped after World War I.
"The armories that dot the urban landscape of America were constructed in response to the strike wave of 1877, the Haymarket riot and other Gilded Age urban unrest...They were “designed to intimidate the ‘dangerous classes’ ” according to their foremost historian, Robert Fogelson. Originally they housed National Guard units thought to be more reliable than local police when upholding urban order might involve firing on strikers. New York had twenty of them, Philadelphia six. But America’s investment in keeping order during the late 19th century pales by comparison to current efforts. By 2012, the Department of Labor predicts, the United States will have more private security guards than high school teachers. [R]oughly one in four in the United States economy is now engaged in guard labor—providing security for people and property and imposing work discipline. Since 1890 the guard labor fraction of the United States labor force has increased four-fold. " Samuel Bowles and Arjun Jayadev, The Economists Voice 2007
Santa Fe New Mexican article on the 50 year anniversary celebration of Saint Michael's College. As well as detailing the three day agenda, it lists the honored guests and speakers, followed by a detailed history of the college. ____________________________________________________________________________________ Click, "Find out more" to see the full newspaper that day.
With the war threatening to put a major dent in tourism, the city purchased 236 acres on its southern outskirts, and the state’s congressional delegation convinced the War Department to build a military hospital there, according to No Halls of Ivy: The Gritty Story of the College of Santa Fe 1947-2009 (Lasallian Christian Brothers, 2013) by Richard McCord. The rapid construction of “semi-permanent” buildings started in late 1942. The first patient at Bruns General Hospital — named after an important doctor in the Army Medical Corps — was admitted on April 17, 1943. The well-equipped hospital grew to nearly 200 structures, most of them connected by covered walks, with 2,200 beds
Hospital functions ended on Dec. 31, 1946. Brother Benildus had already submitted an application for the site, and he ended up getting 114 acres, with no down payment owed to the War Assets Administration. The property included 37 buildings.
the campus had been seeded in 1947, when it became the new home of a school founded in the mid-19th century by a Catholic teaching congregation. The trajectory from a liberal arts college steeped in religious humanism to a liability in a multinational corporation’s portfolio reveals how readily private education companies can dump assets that aren’t turning a profit.
One brother, Benildus of Mary, worked for many years to reinstate the college program. In 1947, he purchased a portion of the abandoned Bruns Army Hospital used during World War II. St. Michael’s College opened that September with 15 Christian Brothers faculty members and 148 students in 51 converted barracks.
construction of Benildus building (1961?), financed by the colege’s alumnis association’s weekly bingo nights, proceeds handled the debt and games continued until 2010
tuition: $180/semester The campus saw a dramatic change in the next five years. With the decision to admit female students in the fall of 1966, enrollment shot up to 1,130 a year later. Three new dormitories and a liberal-arts center boasting a 514-seat theater were built in 1965; a physical-education complex was added in 1967; ground was broken for a $1 million girls’ dorm in 1969; and in 1970 a dedication was held for the $1.8 million library and adjacent Southwest Annex and The Forum lecture hall. The $1.8 million E.E. Fogelson Library Center was dedicated in Oct. 1970 in honor of the businessman, rancher, and husband of film star Greer Garson. Buddy Fogelson
Under the presidential leadership of Brother Luke Roney, St. Michael’s College received accreditation from the North Central Association (1965). It changed its name to the College of Santa Fe. In the late ’60s, there were well over a thousand undergraduate students — the highest enrollment the college ever saw. These numbers began to dip as fewer students took advantage of the post-Vietnam War GI bill and more Santa Feans left town to attend state universities in other cities. Edit: citations, and research on "enrollment driven" tuition policies/"no significant endowment to count on"
"The word “homelessness” came into common use in developed countries in the early and mid-1980s to refer to the problem of dehousing — the fact that an increasing number of people who were once housed in these wealthy countries were no longer housed." By David Hulchansk, Associate Director, Research, for the Cities Centre and Professor in the Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto
The brothers sold five acres fronting Cerrillos Road to the discount department-store chain Skaggs of Salt Lake City for $780,000. The proceeds paid for needed roof work on the library and the gymnasium, and the sale closed off the Cerrillos Road entrance to the college.
After Santa Fe Community College opened in 1983, enrollment at CSF dropped once more. Mouton (President) chose to eliminate programs, including nursing, that were no longer attracting students. At the same time, he began emphasizing arts programs, as students who came from afar were asking for more courses in those areas. This occurred at the same time as Santa Fe itself was undergoing profound change. The Plaza was becoming a tourist trap rather than a gathering spot for locals, and art galleries proliferated on Canyon Road. Resident resentments bubbled up: Who was Santa Fe for, anyway? Locals or newcomers? The same questions of class, race, religion, and values affected the bottom line of the College of Santa Fe. In No Halls of Ivy, McCord writes that 1983 tuition, $113 per credit hour, only made up 48 percent of the school’s $4.9 million annual operating budget.
May 04--In 1984, the College of Santa Fe announced the formation of a visual arts program; art classes had previously only been offered through the college's humanities department. The new program, based on a European-style beaux arts model, would offer students instruction from a core group of faculty as well as visiting artists -- an ambitious initiative, since the school didn't have studio facilities at the time. Richard Cook, a former gallery director who had also headed an art program at a Louisiana college, was hired to direct the program. Two of the old barracks on campus were renovated to accommodate the needs of the new department.
data on word, meaning, and use...
place holder - find the dates etc.
Legorreta also designed the neighboring Santa Fe Art Institute (SFAI), and it is with the institute that CSF’s Visual Arts Center and its involvement with the Mexican architect began. SFAI was founded in 1985 by William Lumpkins and Pony Ault. By the mid-1990s, SFAI sought a permanent home, and board chair John Marion approached CSF president James Fries about the possibility of constructing that home on the campus. According to David Scheinbaum, who joined the CSF faculty in 1980, Fries agreed to SFAI building on campus if they could open a conversation about an additional building for the college. Scheinbaum proposed a center for photography modeled on an idea originally proposed for a California university by photographer Ansel Adams and photo historian Beaumont Newhall. The idea grew into the Visual Arts Center, helmed by art department chair Dick Cook, who joined the college in 1984.
Michael's House is a facility in California that Michael’s House has been proudly serving individuals with co-occurring disorders since 1989. Click "more info" to read an article on their research, including numerous additional sources of information.
The Screen, originally called The Screen at Studio 2, opened in December 1998 on the campus of what was then the College of Santa Fe.
impressive new visual arts center opened. It housed the Marion Center for the Photographic Arts, Thaw Art History Center, Tishman Hall, Tipton Lecture Hall, and the Santa Fe Art Institute. With its bright colors and bold forms, the Visual Arts Center at the College of Santa Fe turned heads in our brown and round town when it debuted in 1999. Designed by the renowned Mexican architect Ricardo Legorreta (1931-2011) All of the Visual Arts Center collections were assembled by gift or by private donation and none were purchased or acquired with CSF funds.
In 2001, the college began building the world-class Shellaberger Tennis Center. The $4 million first phase boasted six indoor courts, and the center was completed with the 1,000-seat outdoor Heldman Stadium in June 2004. The Shellaberger was designed by Santa Fe architect Oru Bose in association with Dekker/Perich/Sabatini of Albuquerque. Oddly, the school’s intercollegiate tennis team, The Spin, was dissolved after three years — in spite of its 46-16 record — to shift the college’s focus more toward academics.
The New Mexico Department of Health published extensive data on substance abuse in order to, "determine appropriate targets for intervention and policy development in New Mexico, a reliable system that offers timely and valid data describing the magnitude and extent of the drug problem."
A comparison of housing options and their costs, by the NM Coalition to End Homelessness
midtown campus, with 33 buildings comprising about 500,000 square feet of space; The Santa Fe University of Art and Design will close by the end of June. The city purchased the campus land in 2009 from what had been the College of Santa Fe after it announced its financial insolvency. The city then signed a 26-year lease with the Santa Fe University of Art and Design, an affiliate of the for-profit Laureate Education Co., which has since been responsible for annual bond payments of about $2.3 million. The payments cover the original purchase price of $19.5 million, plus another $10 million borrowed for water, sewer, building and other property improvements. But at least $23 million is left on that debt and once the Laureate lease expires on June 30, city taxpayers will be responsible for the debt payments until new tenants are found for the property. The city borrowed $19.5 million from the New Mexico Finance Authority and purchased the former Christian Brothers' College of Santa Fe campus in 2009 after that school closed its doors. The city then leased the property to Laureate: 26/year lease @$2.3 million/year.
Laureate approaches the brothers’ College of SF with offer of cash injection, but backs out. ____________________________________________________________________________________ Laureate's Mission Statement: EXPANDING ACCESS TO QUALITY HIGHER EDUCATION TO MAKE THE WORLD A BETTER PLACE
From the official city website, lease and finance details of the transition to Laureate.
Re-opens as a for-profit art school, the Santa Fe University of Art and Design
Place Holder: research on yearly results for blue ribbon panel (2007-12, 2012 - 17)
In 2014, Santa Fe implemented the pre-booking diversion pilot program, otherwise known as Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD). First implemented in Seattle in 2011, LEAD allows police officers to redirect people facing petty offenses, including low-level drug possession, from jail and prosecution into treatment and social support. Public approval and scientific studies indicate the success of the program.
"It provided me a pay to but was very difficult to move around to different posts. I was assigned graveyard which worked fine but was very difficult to adapt to graveyard. I could work day-shift as well but had to re apply to each different post." Security Officer LVL 3 (Former Employee) – Albuquerque, NM – August 25, 2015
"As history shows, we’re not forging a new path with these private police agencies. In fact, we’re simply following a model established long ago, not only by dictators who relied on private guards to do their bidding, but also by the likes of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, who relied on their own private police force, the Pinkertons, who had broad authority to “harass or hurt anyone their employers deemed a threat.” Nevertheless as historian Heather Ann Thompson points out, “despite countless historical accounts of why private policing of public spaces is a bad idea in a democracy, ordinary Americans have raised little ruckus today.” Click Find out more for the full article on private policy forces by Constitutional attorney John W. Whitehead, president of The Rutherford Institute.
Fewer than 100 students will return to the campus off St. Michael's Drive for the spring semester Previously, the school made quarterly payments of $557,500 to the city. The amended base rent payments to be made by the school, covering the first two quarters of 2018, will total about $331,000. The school's president, Christine Guevara, wrote to city leaders in October to notify them that the university would terminate the 26-year lease effective June 30. Guevara in that letter also requested the reduction in rent. There was no penalty for early termination. Nine full-time faculty will finish with the approximately 90 remaining students in the spring semester. Sixteen "contributing" faculty members also will teach courses. Sixty-eight students received degrees this month. A map of the reduced area for the spring 2018 semester shows the school will use only 23 acres of the 64.2-acre site, including parts or all of 12 buildings. They include the Thaw Art History Center; Marion Center for Photographic Arts; art studios; the Garson Studios complex, which includes The Screen theater; and a few lecture halls. An Albuquerque real estate firm this fall appraised the property and said its value, with the potential for rental income, was $36 million. That would exceed the $29.6 million the city borrowed to buy the land and pay for improvements - citation
"The Santa Fe University of Art and Design Board of Directors, along with the university’s ownership, conducted a review and consideration of viable options for the future of SFUAD, with input from students, faculty, community and state leaders, and others. In April of 2017, the Board determined that due to significant ongoing financial challenges, similar to those faced by many small institutions both in the state of New Mexico and nationally, the university would no longer operate after the end of the 2017-2018 academic year. As always, the steadfast commitment to students’ academic success remained the top priority. As such, the university engaged in a thoughtful, phased teach-out and transfer process leading up to the graduation of students who were eligible to complete their degrees by May 2018."
ditto
Santa Fe District Court Judge Matthew Wilson ruled two suits against Laureate and its affiliates could move forward, despite the company’s legal maneuvering to dispute its role in the closure. The attorneys on the case, Justin Miller and Ben Allison, hope that a case filed by three people will go to trial within the year. Another case alleging the same conduct by Laureate but involving several dozen plaintifs may drag on for years, says Allison. “Laureate promised all these students an education and a degree if they paid their tuition and fulfilled program requirements, and then Laureate broke that promise,” says Allison, of the namesake law firm Bardacke Allison LLP. Adding insult to injury, Allison says, Laureate delayed informing students of the pending closure until it was too late for.a majority of the student body to transfer elsewhere, though it o.ered each of them a one-time, $2,500 “transfer grant.”
"Mayor David Coss appointed a blue ribbon panel to develop a plan to end homelessness in Santa Fe in 2012. The 2012 panel was given the task of building on the accomplishments from Santa Fe’s first five year plan to end homelessness from 2007, and to set the direction for the next five years of working toward the goal of ending homelessness. The New Mexico Coalition to End Homelessness provided the chair for the panel and organizational support."
Part 1: Point-in-Time Estimates of Homelessness
"They include thousands of photographs by leading 20th-century artists; an extensive rare book collection; Mimbres pottery and other ancient Southwestern ceramics; pre-Columbian Mesoamerican, South American and Native American art; private research libraries of leading photographers; pieces from familiar names, like Salvador Dalí and Pablo Picasso; and much more. An inventory compiled in 2009 is more than 110 pages long, much of it in a font too small to easily make out." Tripp Stelnicki, The Santa Fe New Mexican
Enter story info here
During a conversation with Christine, one of Securitas employees, she recorded a few thoughts on her last night's of work on campus. She moved to Santa Fe in 2013 because her daughter was a student at SFUAD.
The link is to an article in the Santa Fe New Mexican about the results of LEAD (started in 2014), a program that diverts citizens from incarceration to rehabilitation programs.
Indeed provides ratings and statistical breakdowns of pros and cons to working for Securitas, as well as comments directly from employees point of view. It is both quantified and measured variables, and qualified personal stories.
"With or without reasonable accommodation, the physical and mental requirements of this job may include the following: seeing, hearing, speaking, and writing clearly."
Vincent Piazza plans for an art show with the Recovery Center Santa Fe (details pending)
"SFAI faces external opportunities and challenges with the closure of the Santa Fe University of Art and Design last June. We are located on the Midtown Campus because of the generosity of John and Ann Marion and others, who stepped in with support when SFAI leadership was seeking a permanent home in the 1990’s. The vision of that leadership, in partnership with the (then) College of Santa Fe, was to create an arts and education hub in Midtown Santa Fe. This vision and partnership resulted in not only a permanent home for SFAI on the campus, but the development of the Visual Arts Center, designed by world-renowned Mexican architect, Ricardo Legorreta. SFAI seeks to maintain and strengthen our original legacy on the Midtown Campus. Yet, there is some truth and reconciliation required to imagine its highest potential. Those of us in Santa Fe need to come to terms with its history as a beloved but cloistered campus, and how its separation from adjacent neighborhoods, some of which are the poorest in Santa Fe, have contributed to Midtown sprawl and disinvestment. We believe that many different uses are possible and desirable on the campus as a new Midtown District, including much-needed housing. Yet it is important to maintain the legacy of arts and education for the benefit of the local community. We see an opportunity for local and regional arts, education, and social service organizations to work together in developing a vibrant hub at the Visual Arts Center, that would serve Midtown Santa Fe and all of Northern New Mexico, as well as attract national and international investment and support. This is a game-changing opportunity to strengthen the work we already do at SFAI, and we seek partners willing to collaborate on making this a reality."
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