This timeline is intended to give an introduction to the major wars of Kabinettskriege period.;xNLx;;xNLx;Copyright 2013- Alexander Burns
One of the "book ends" of the Kabinettskriege period, this war devastated central Europe, and strengthened France and Sweden in Northern and Eastern Europe.
In Ireland, Scotland, and England, the Parliamentary New Model Army defeats the various groups which oppose them, set up Oliver Cromwell as the Lord Protector of the realm. The Stuarts are temporarily removed from power.
The famous (or infamous) "Sun King" of France, Louis embroiled France in frequent wars during his long reign, including the Nine Years' War, and the War of Spanish Succession. He increased French territory on the Northern and Eastern borders of France.
The Thirty Years' War draws to a close, leaving no clear winner. Sweden and France both emerge from the fighting with a significant amount of power.
One of history's great commanders, Churchill rose to prominence during the War of Spanish Succession, where he commanded the English forces in the war against Louis XIV.
Trade disputes between the English and the Dutch lead to naval warfare. The English emerge victorious.
Part of the period of Polish history known as "the Deluge," the Poles fight a long and hard war, but are forced to sign a humiliating peace when the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth runs out of money.
The British and French engage in a war with Spain over trade disputes. The war ends with minor territorial concessions to the English, including Jamaica.
In what will become a reoccurring nightmare, the Swedish face a coalition of Denmark, Poland, and Russia. The war ends with the loss of New Sweden (Today part of PA, NJ, and DE), but the Swedes gain Scania (modern day Skåne county) and Ducal Prussia becomes a sovereign state.
After the Death of Oliver Cromwell, and the ineffective rule of his son, the English people accept Charles II, son of the beheaded Stuart king Charles I.
Prinz Eugene of Savoy was an Austrian general during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. He was personal friends with John Churchill, and was accompanied by Frederick II of Prussia during the War of Polish Succession.
A primarily naval war, the Dutch bring the war to a decisive conclusion with the "Raid on the Medway," an successful attack on the English naval base at Chatham. The English retain New York, but the Dutch keep vital sugar plantations in the Caribbean and South America.
A series of long conflicts between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Cossacks, and the Ottoman Empire. Ostensibly won by the Ottomans, the conflict ended with the Treaty of Zurawno in 1676, giving the Ottoman Empire power in parts of Ukraine.
This war saw France pitted against Spain, England, the Dutch, and Sweden. Despite this, the French gained small territories in Flanders, but did not take the Spanish Netherlands, the original war goal.
A general European War, which saw the Swedish, English and French take on the Dutch, Brandenburg-Prussia, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire. While the war concluded with no major territorial changes, it clearly showed that France, Brandenburg and England were up and coming powers, while the Dutch were in decline.
Peter I of Russia guided founded the Russian Empire, and transformed it from a regional backwater into one of the great European powers. In order to accomplish this, he waged war throughout most of his reign, and created a modern army and navy. He founded the city of St. Petersburg, through the death of a multitude of Ukrainian laborers. His accomplishments linger in European politics to the present day.
A major war in North America, fought between the forces of the Native American leader Metacom (or King Philip) and English colonists. The war ended with the death of Metacom and the defeat and enslavement of a large portion of his followers.
Karl XII of Sweden was the last monarch of Sweden while she was a great European power. His rash decisions brought success and failure to his armies, and eventually resulted in his death during a siege in Norway. The magnificent painting by Gustaf Cederstroem of the Karoliner soldiers bringing Karl back to Sweden is the backdrop of this timeline.
A conflict between the Ottoman Empire and a massive coalition of Christian powers, including Austria, the Holy Roman Empire, the Cossacks, the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth, and Venice. The Turks lose the war, and never serious threaten Vienna again. The Ottoman Empire goes into a long, gradual decline.
This was the first of a series of huge, transatlantic Wars which would dominate the majority of the eighteenth century. It was fought between France and an Alliance of England, the Dutch, Spain, Sweden, Savoy, and the Holy Roman Empire. France abandons claims to the right side of the Rhine, the Dutch are given a favorable economic treaty, and the Spanish make minor European territorial gains. During this war, the French were assisted by Scottish and Irish Jacobites, but these forces were defeated in the 1688 rising in Scotland, and the Williamite War in Ireland. In North America, the English colonists threaten Quebec, but are unable to score a decisive victory.
The Protestant Prince of Orange William and his wife Mary invade England. James II flees into exile. The Stuarts will spend the next sixty years trying to reclaim the throne of England.
The Great Northern War saw the end of Sweden's period as a great power state. The death of the Swedish king Karl XII and the defeat of his armies by Peter I of Russia led to the rise of Russia as a great European power. The war was waged in the Baltic, Poland, Russia, and Denmark.
The War of Spanish Succession sought to decide who would assume of the throne of Spain after the death of Charles II of Hapsburg. The war was fought, in essence, to prevent the union of France and Spain under the person of a single king, and the creation of a European super-kingdom. In many ways, this war was simply a continuation of the Nine Years' War. The war ended with Phillip V of Spain agreeing to give up his claim of succession to the French crown. France also gives Rupert's Land, Newfoundland, and Acadia to Great Britain. This was another huge transatlantic war.
Goaded into war by Karl XII of Sweden, the Ottomans surrounded and defeated the Russian army of Peter I, leading a favorable peace for the Ottoman Empire.
Frederick II of Prussia was the King of Prussia from 1740 to 1786, and fought in the major European Wars during this period. Much like Peter I, he transformed his state into a European great power. His numerous victories turned him into something of a legend, and made the Prussian military the standard by which other states were judged. His conquest of Silesia in 1740 created animosity against him in most of the major European courts, and he was forced to defend his conquest during the Seven Years' War. While Prussia did not make any territorial gains during the Seven Years' War, its survival confirmed Frederick's success in transforming Prussia into a European power.
George I, Elector of Hanover, succeeds to throne of Great Britain. This further entangles the traditionally isolationist British in European affairs. The presence of a German on the throne of Britain leads to renewed hopes of a Stuart return to power.
This brief uprising was an attempt by the Scottish Jacobites to restore James Francis Edward Stuart to the throne of Great Britain. Jacobites thought that the Hanoverian Succession would weaken the English government, and that the country would rise in support of the Stuart claimant. The rising failed, and James fled back to France.
A war fought over interests in the Mediterranean between Spain and an alliance of Britain, France, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Dutch Republic. The Spanish were generally unsuccessful in this war. The British Royal navy began to show signs of the skill which would distinguish it in future wars. In 1719, the Spanish landed troops to support a Jacobite rising in Scotland, but were defeated at the battle of Glen Shiel.
In this war, the Spanish failed to recover Gibraltar or Minorca. Peace was quickly re-established.
Catherine II of Russia succeed to the Russian throne upon the murder of her husband, Tsar Peter III. She was a German princess, but adopted the Russian way of life, and brought success to the Russian people. While previous historian have focused on her extra-marital affairs, she acted with great political skill. Her achievements read like that of a female Frederick II.
A limited European war, fought over who should succeed to the throne of Poland. The candidate supported by Russia, the Holy Roman Empire and Prussia, Augustus III, defeated the candidate of France and Spain.
The Russians fight a inconclusive war with the Turks, and are eventually joined by the Austrians. The Russians gain territory in the Crimea, while the Ottomans gain territory in the Balkans.
The War of Austrian Succession began with the invasion of Silesia in the winter of 1740 by Frederick II of Prussia. Frederick believed that the young archduchess of Austria, Maria Theresa, would be unable to cope with the seizure of one of her northern provinces. This led to a wider European and American war, involving France, England, Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover, and the Dutch. The war closed with a Prussian victory in central Europe, and a English victory in North America.
A continuation of the War of Austrian Succession in India. The British and French compete for land and trade rights. The French are eventually defeated during the Third Carnatic War, part of the Seven Years' War.
In central Europe, this war was a continuation of the War of Austrian Succession, pitting Prussia against an alliance of Austria, Russia and Sweden. In western Europe, the small German states of Hesse-Kassel, Hanover, and Brunswick waged a war against France, supported by English troops and money. In India, the colonial contest between England and France continued. The North American theatre of the Seven Years War, the French and Indian War, saw British soldiers and colonists defeat the French, and gain control of modern Canada. The European war ended with the status quo before the war, meaning that Prussia had maintained its grasp on Silesia, and would remain in the contest with Austria for the leadership of Germany. The Seven Years' War shaped the course of the later 18th and 19th centuries, and is one of the key events of the Kabinettskriege period.
For most of the later third of the 18th century, conflict between the British and various other nations/ethnic groups raged in India. While the British occasionally suffered reverses, they would go on to control much of the sub-continent in the 19th century.
The Russians soundly beat the Ottomans in this conflict, leading to the Russian control of Ukraine, the Northern Caucasus, and the Crimean Khanate becomes a Russian protectorate in all but name.
Yemelyan Pugachev, a former lieutenant in the Russian Army, leads a rebellion against Catherine II, claiming to be dead Tsar Peter III, and proclaiming the abolition of Serfdom in Russia. The rebels, composed of disaffected members of the Russian military, peasants and Cossacks, scored some initial success, but were defeated at Kazan and Tsaritsyn. Pugachev is executed by order of the Tsarina in January of 1775.
The final world conflict of the 18th century was the global "Eight Years' War," : the global conflict surrounding the American War of Independence. The result was a curbing of British power throughout the world, with Florida and Minorca returning to Spain, and the loss of Britain's North American colonies.
The War of Bavarian Succession was an successful effort by Frederick II of Prussia to prevent Bavaria from coming under the Austrian sphere of influence. While the Prussians were not very successful in the field, the war settlement concluded in Prussia's favor.
The Ottomans are again beaten a combined force of Russia and Austria.
The Swedes attack a distracted Russia. Despite Swedish battlefield successes, the territorial situation remains the same as before the war.
We'd love to hear from you. Please send questions or feedback to the below email addresses.
Before contacting us, you may wish to visit our FAQs page which has lots of useful info on Tiki-Toki.
We can be contacted by email at: hello@tiki-toki.com.
You can also follow us on twitter at twitter.com/tiki_toki.
If you are having any problems with Tiki-Toki, please contact us as at: help@tiki-toki.com
Close