An Interactive Timeline for Mapping the Communication Environment;xNLx;;xNLx;This digital platform is developed from the resources used in Safak Dikmen’s PhD thesis that focus on communication technologies and internet based television broadcasting. The aim is to educe and map the complicated relationship between advancements in television broadcasting, communication and computer technologies along with the related scientific debates from 1950 until now. Within this frame, a digital timeline was designed including the historical evaluation of the last 70 years of media ecosystem using online and multimedia sources. This new media platform can be defined as a web documentary; all contents are obtained from various sources such as online databases, video and photography sharing platforms and open e-book collection. It should be emphasized that this platform is not entitled as “media ecosystem” but as “new media ecosystem”; since it reveals divers “new” ecosystems formed in their own time according to period’s advancement in technology.;xNLx;Various factors lead the formation of this platform. First, written sources such as PhD thesis, other written documents; book or static graphics with no interaction specificity lack describing this complicated structure. Another trigger for designing this platform is the need for enabling a native language (Turkish) written thesis, naturally structured (restricted) in a specific thesis format into an easily accessible global platform in English. ;xNLx; ;xNLx;Secondly, development of different technologies is merged by diverse and contrasting factors forming a complex system. Mapping this environment through the academic debates of the communication technologies lead the analysis of this structure even more difficult. Therefore, in order to visualise this vast and multilayered progress of the new media ecosystem, a web based open access digital platform is designed. ;xNLx;;xNLx;The last important drive for this platform is the debate of media studies 2.0, initiated in 2007 and lasted for six years with all the proceedings in the following years. David Gauntlett and William Merrin fused this debate as; “In order to understand the latest communication technologies and follow studies in new media; constant update and development of communication studies with new perspectives and research methodologies are required”. Even after ten years from these debates, internet based multimedia platforms as novel mapping of evolving new media ecosystem, especially for studies in academic area, are still not common.;xNLx;;xNLx;I would like to underline the fact that this platform was created as an experimental project. All information regarding the progress and networks could not be included; since all the progress and relations in communication technologies are rapidly evolving in a dynamic environment, yet it could easily be expanded in future. Therefore, major proceedings and important facts were included and highlighted. Please use contact form for all comments, critics and your contributions; as this new media documentary is an ongoing open project.;xNLx;;xNLx;About the Designer;xNLx;;xNLx;Ergin Şafak Dikmen, PhD.;xNLx;;xNLx;Dr. Ergin Şafak Dikmen is instructor in the Faculty of Communication in Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey. Co-founder of the İlef Communication Faculty Video Lab (ilef FA). Worked in divers design company and university research center as a CGI designer, his animation projects was screened in Berlin, İstanbul and Ankara. Being a designer and researcher his main research interests are TV 2.0, Media Ecology, Free Software, CGI and Animation. His most recent research is on Media Archeology and Web TV Platforms.
Experimental television broadcasts started
Experimental TV broadcasts started
World First Regular High Definition Television Service was inaugurated by BBC
"The newspaper in Economic Development" by Harold Innis
Developed by German Engenner Arthur Scherbius in 1920’s was highly used in the World War II
CBS began experimental color field tests using film
In April 1945 when an Uruguayan broadcaster, Mr. Lorenzo Balerio Sicco, addressed all broadcasters of America proposing them to hold a Congress of private broadcasting in one of the countries in the American Continent where freedom of thought did not have any restrictions, aiming at gathering ideas and efforts to make all private broadcasting in America an insuperable means of freedom of expression and mutual knowledge among the peoples.
ABC television network made its debut
The EBU was founded in 1950 by a group of 23 broadcasters to foster programming exchanges and mediate technical disputes that were mostly concerned with frequency and interference issues.
Title: Empire and Communications Author: Innis, Harold Adams (1894-1952) Professor of Political Economy in the University of Toronto Date of first publication: 1950 Oxford at the Clarendon Press, Printed in Great Britain
Quote: The paper and printing industries supported the development of monopolies of space in nationalism and the state. Printing emphasized vernaculars, reduced the speed of movement of ideas, and divided the European mind. Formerly philosophy directed scientific knowledge but an increase in printed material has compelled science to go now in one direction and now in another. Germany became more isolated from England in part because of the difficulty of its language as compared with that of France.
Translated in English as The Technological Soceity -1964
Quote: “The opening of the first transatlantic telephone cable, TAT-1, on 25 September 1956, marked the beginning of the modern era of cable communications. The cable was a joint venture among the British Post Office, the Canadian Overseas Telecommunications Corporation, and AT&T. The cable itself was made largely by Submarine Cables Ltd. of England (92%), with the balance manufactured by Simplex in the USA. For the two main circuits between Clarenville, Newfoundland and Oban, Scotland (one eastbound, one westbound) flexible repeaters were manufactured by Western Electric in the USA to a design by Bell Laboratories. For the on bound circuit between Clarenville and the North American mainland, rigid repeaters were designed and made by Standard Telephones and Cables (S.T.C.) of England. The cable was laid using the Post Office cable ship Monarch (4). This extract from the company's 75th anniversary book, The Story of S.T.C. 1883-1958, describes STC's contribution to TAT-1, and shows how this led to further projects in the next few years.”
The Soviet Union launched the first artificial earth Satellite from the spaceport Baikonur Cosmodrome (Kazakhstan).
Quote: On Distributing Communications Networks Paul Baran September 1962. “There is an increasingly repeated statement made that one day we will require more capacity for data transmission than needed for voice. If this statement is correct, then it would appear prudent to broaden our planning consideration to include new concepts for future data network directions. Otherwise, we may stumble into being boxed in with the uncomfortable restraints of communications links and switches originally designed for high quality analog transmission . New digital computer techniques using redundancy make cheap unreliable l inks potentially usable . Some sort of a Switched network compatible with these links appears appropriate t o meet t his new upcoming demand for digital service .” (pp. 39-40)
Gaston Berger (French Philosoph) First debate on the possible use of satellites in education by the French philosopher Gaston Berger in UNESCO General Conference of 1960.
CBC TV - Explorations (Program) Credits: Medium: Television Program: Explorations Episode: Teenager Broadcast Date: May 18, 1960 Hosts: Alan Millar, John O'Leary Guest(s): Marshall McLuhan
Marshall McLuhan Found the “Center for Culture and Technology in Toronto.
First image and sound transmission between North America and Europe using the Telstar 1 Satellite
IThe Saturn computer and data adapter, which were designed and manufactured by IBM's Electronics Systems Center in Owego, N.Y., were part of the launch vehicle's guidance system. They were located one over the other and were connected by wire harness in the instrument unit.
The new electronic interdependence recreates the world in the image of a global village.
Established in 1964 as a non-profit, non-government, professional association to assist the development of broadcasting in the region, the ABU promotes the collective interests of television and radio broadcasters and encourages regional and international co-operation between broadcasters.
Critics of McLuhan Media Theory
Previously known by the acronym, "INTELSAT," resulted from the efforts of a group of nations to join the United States in 1964 to establish a global communications satellite system. The International Telecommunications Satellite Organization is an intergovernmental treaty organization that incorporates the principle set forth in Resolution 1721 (XVI) of the General Assembly of the United Nations that establishes that communication by means of satellites should be available to the nations of the world as soon as practicable on a global and non-discriminatory basis.
The Extension of Man
One year after the flight of the Mercury astronauts IBM introduces IBM System/360 a new concept in computers which creates a "family" of small to large computers incorporating IBM-designed Solid Logic Technology (SLT) microelectronics and uses the same programming instructions. The concept of a compatible "family" of computers transforms the industry.
CBC TV Take 30
Live Via Satellite Begin.
First intercontinental lecture is made on the 31 May 1965 between West Bend High School (Wisconsin) and Lycée Henri IV (Paris) via the Early Bird (INTELSAT) communication satellite
“The Use of space Communication: International Cooperation and International Control"
Meeting of Experts on the Use of Space Communication by the Mass media
Quote: “The conquest of outer space must be put to peaceful ends and that it is already possible to discern how artificial satellites or machines positioned nearer to the earth could enable educational programs covering vast areas to be disseminated.”(p.18)
CBC TV This Hour has Seven Days
“All media are extensions of some human faculty— psychic or physical.”
CBC TV Our World
Communication in the space age - The use of satellites by the mass media.
by Neil Postman in the National Council of Teachers of English
CBC TV The Summer Way
Critics of McLuhan Media Theory
The Apollo 11 astronauts make the first human landing on the Moon
New York University - Founded by Terence T. Morgan and Christine Nystrom.
Organisation of television networks between Latin America, Spain and Portugal.
Founded in 1972 and headquartered in Toronto, Canada, NABA is a non-profit association of broadcasting organizations in Canada, United States and Mexico committed to advancing the interests of broadcasters locally and internationally.
Designed by the Mitre Conpany.
“Television traffic - a one-way street ?” Survey by Kaarle Nordenstreng and Tapio Varis.
by William Christian
is formed by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayner.
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