Epic poem composed by anonymous Anglo-Saxon poet between 8th-cent and 11th-cent.
The Battle of Hastings, leading to the Norman conquest of England.
Historian and hagiographer.
A record of the great inquest or survey of the lands of England made by order of William the Conqueror in 1086.
Norman poet. (c. 1100-after 1171)
Author of a Latin history of Britain and Bishop of St Asaph, Wales.
French theologian and poet.
Icelandic historian, author, poet, scholar, and politician.
Priest and poet. Writer of the Brut chronicle, one of the longest Middle English poems (over 16,000 lines).
A group of Arthurian romances in French prose.
The Magna Carta established for the first time the principle that everybody, including the king, was subject to the law.
Also know as the Ancrene Riwle. A treatise on the rules and duties of monastic life. Written for three sisters by a chaplain in about 1230.
Italian poet, writer of the Divine Comedy.
Writer of courtly romances, lived in northern France in the second half of the twelfth century.
12th century French poet.
Italian poet and humanist Francesco Petrarca, known in English as Petrarch.
Italian poet and writer of treatises and prose works.
Poet.
Poet.
Poet. Author of The Book of the Duchess, The House of Fame, The Legend of Good Women, Troilus and Criseyde, and The Canterbury Tales.
English anchoress and mystic. Author of a text known as Revelations of Divine Love, or The Showings of the Love of God, the first book in the English language known to have been written by a woman.
The first two waves of plague, between 1347 and 1352 and then in the years around 1360, cut the population of Europe by roughly one-third, and it stayed low for a century afterwards.
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a late 14th-century Middle English chivalric romance. It is one of the best known Arthurian stories, with its plot combining two types of folklore motifs, the beheading game and the exchange of winnings.
Poet.
Author of The Book of Margery Kempe (although dictated to two priests). The first autobiography in English.
An anonymous work of Christian mysticism written in Middle English in the latter half of the 14th century.
The unknown author of a manuscript known as 'Cotton Nero A.x'. The manuscript contains a collection of Middle-English poems, including Pearl, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Patience, and Cleanness.
Author of Le Morte Darthur.
One of the Scottish 'makars' or poets celebrated by William Dunbar.
First book printed with movable type. Copies were available in 1454 or 1455.
Scots medieval poet.
Dutch humanist and theologian.
Italian Renaissance historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist, and writer.
English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman and Renaissance humanist. Utopia, published in 1516,
Catalyst of the Protestant Reformation. Protestant theologian and religious reformer.
1485–1509
Leader of the English Reformation and Archbishop of Canterbury during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and, for a short time, Mary I.
Bishop of London and protestant martyr. Burned at the stake as one of the Oxford Martyrs during the Marian Persecutions.
Poet.
Theologian
1509–1547
Queen of England and Ireland, sixth consort of Henry VIII. Author of the first English prose work to be published by a woman under her own name.
Flemish/Netherlandish anatomist, physician, and author of De humani corporis fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body). Founder of modern human anatomy.
English humanist & writer.
Translated by William Tyndale (c. 1494–1536). Tyndale was the first to translate the New Testament into English from the Greek text.
English writer, poet, and literary critic.
English court poet.
Thomas Cromwell (1485–1540) served as chief minister to King Henry VIII of England from 1532 to 1540, and was a key figure in the English Reformation.
The Vulgate, St. Jerome's fourth-century Latin translation of the Bible, affirmed as official Latin Bible by the Catholic Church at the Council of Trent (1545–63).
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