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The Mappa Mundi is unique in Britain's heritage - an outstanding treasure of the medieval age which reveals how 13th century scholars interpreted the world in spiritual and geographical terms. The map is undated but bears the name of "Richard de Haldingham e de Lafford", whom some historians have identified as Richard de Bello, Prebendary of Lafford in the diocese of Lincoln during the late 13th century. Together with evidence interpreted from the content of the map, a date of around AD 1290 is considered reliable.
Gerardus Mercator of Flanders (Belgium) was the leading cartographer of the mid-16th century. He developed a cylindrical projection that is still widely used for navigation charts and global maps. He published a map of the world in 1569 based on this projection. Many other map projections were soon developed.
'Louis Bretez and Michel-Etienne Turgot's monumental 1739 map of Paris during the reign of Louis XV. Michel-Etienne Turgot, Louis XV's Prévot des Marchands, commissioned this plan in 1734 from Loius Bretez, a sculptor, painter and perspective specialist, who used the conventional bird's-eye representation. This was the last major example of this type of plan and is an important record of the architecture and gardens of Paris at that time. Turgot's plan of Paris is possibly the most ambitious urban mapping ever undertaken. Shows the whole of 18th century Paris and offers a wonderful perspective on the city prior to Baron Georges Eugène Haussmann’s 19th-century redesign. Turgot, who held the mayor-like office of Prévôt des Marchands de Paris, commissioned Louis Bretez and Claude Lucas to produce this map in 1734. Oriented to the east on an axonometrical projection, this map is best understood as an aerial view where in every building, window, tree, shadow and park is shown.'
'In 1785 Scottish engineer and political economist William Playfair issued in London a privately circulated preliminary edition of his The Commercial and Political Atlas; Representing, by Means of Stained Copper-Plate Charts, the Exports, Imports, and General Trade of England, at a Single View. The next year Playfair formally published the work in London with an even longer title as The Commercial and Political Atlas; Representing, by Means of Stained Copper-Plate Charts, the Exports, Imports, and General Trade of England, at a Single View. To which are Added, Charts of the Revenue and Debts of Ireland, Done in the Same Manner by James Correy. For this work Playfair invented the line chart or line graph, present in the book in 43 variants, and the bar chart of bar graph, represented by a single example. The first 10 plates were engraved by Scottish engraver and cartographer John Ainslie in 1785 for the preliminary edition; the remainder were engraved by Samuel John Neele. It is thought that Playfair, often short of funds, may have hand-colored the charts himself—the coloring process that he curiously designated as "staining" in the titles. "Playfair had a variety of careers. He was in turn a millwright, engineer, draftsman, accountant, inventor, silversmith, merchant, investment broker, economist, statistician, pamphleteer, translator, publicist, land speculator, convict, banker, ardent royalist, editor, blackmailer and journalist. On leaving Watt's company in 1782, he set up a silversmithing business and shop in London, which failed. In 1787 he moved to Paris, taking part in the storming of the Bastille two years later. He returned to London in 1793, where he opened a "security bank", which also failed. From 1775 he worked as a writer and pamphleteer and did some engineering work" (Wikipedia article on William Playfair, accessed 03-16-2010). See the color reproduction of the third edition (1801) of the atlas with the first edition (1801) of the breviary: Playfair, The Commercial and Political Atlas and Statistical Breviary, Edited and Introduced by Howard Wainer and Ian Spence (2005). '
It wasn't until 1854 that Cholera struck England once again, that Snow was able to legitimate his argument that Cholera was spread through contaminated food or water. Snow, in investigating the epidemic, began plotting the location of deaths related to Cholera (see illustration). At the time, London was supplied its water by two water companies. One of these companies pulled its water out of the Thames River upstream of the main city while the second pulled its water from the river downstream from the city. A higher concentration of Cholera was found in the region of town supplied by the water company that drew its water form the downstream location. Water from this source could have been contaminated by the city's sewage. Furthermore, he found that in one particular location near the intersection of Cambridge and Broad Street, up to 500 deaths from Cholera occurred within 10 days.
Florence Nightingale (1820-1910), and it's from 1858! The polar area diagram is also known as the Nightingale Rose Graph. From Wikipedia, This "Diagram of the causes of mortality in the army in the East" was published in Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of the British Army and sent to Queen Victoria in 1858. This graphic indicates the number of deaths that occured from preventable diseases (in blue), those that were the results of wounds (in red), and those due to other causes (in black). The legend reads: The Areas of the blue, red, & black wedges are each measured from the centre as the common vertex. The blue wedges measured from the centre of the circle represent area for area the deaths from Preventable or Mitigable Zymotic diseases, the red wedges measured from the centre the deaths from wounds, & the black wedges measured from the centre the deaths from all other causes. The black line across the red triangle in Nov. 1854 marks the boundary of the deaths from all other causes during the month. In October 1854, & April 1855, the black area coincides with the red, in January & February 1855,(*) the blue coincides with the black. The entire areas may be compared by following the blue, the red, & the black lines enclosing them. Made with the expert statistical help of William Far who disapproved of the end graphic who saw statistics as dry and eye candy. Inspired by William Playfair's Commercial and political atlas of 1786
Of all the attempts to convey the futility of Napoleon's attempt to invade Russia and the utter destruction of his Grande Armee in the last months of 1812, no written work or painting presents such a compelling picture as does Minard's graphic. Charles Joseph Minard's Napoleon map, along with several dozen others that he published during his lifetime, set the standard for excellence in graphically depicting flows of people and goods in space, yet his role in the development of modern thematic mapping techniques is all too often overlooked.
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (commonly shortened to Alice in Wonderland) is an 1865 novel written by English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll.[1] It tells of a girl named Alice who falls down a rabbit hole into a fantasy world (Wonderland) populated by peculiar, anthropomorphic creatures. The tale plays with logic, giving the story lasting popularity with adults as well as children.[2] It is considered to be one of the best examples of the literary nonsense genre,[2][3] and its narrative course and structure have been enormously influential,[3] especially in the fantasy genre.
COMBINATIONS OF 26 LETTERS make up every word in the English language. Similarly, all material things in the world are composed of different combinations of about 100 different elements. An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances through ordinary chemistry--it is not destroyed by acids, for example, nor changed by electricity, light, or heat. Although philosophers in the ancient world had a rudimentary concept of elements, they were incorrect in identifying water, for example, as one. Today it is common knowledge that water is a compound, whose smallest unit is a molecule. Passing electricity through a molecule of water can separate it into two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen, each a separate element. The ancient concept of elements jibed with today's in noting that elements had characteristic properties. Just as people not only look different from each other but also interact differently with others, so elements have both physical and chemical properties. Some elements form shiny solids, for example, that react readily and sometimes violently with oxygen and water. The atoms of other elements form gases that scarcely interact with other elements.
'Henry (Harry) Beck worked as an electrical draftsman in London. He worked to design a more readable and understandable map of the London Underground (subway) which led to his famous "schematic" design which used horizontal, vertical and 45° segments with the same topology and approximate geography as the true routes. '
Willard Cope Brinton's second book (1939). The whole book can be downloaded (in a worse resolution) from www.archive.org/details/graphicpresentat00brinrich
For this book, edited for the first time in 1967, is one of the classical works of graphical visualisation. Finding a reprinted version of it in English is not an easy task. We must thank the L’Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in Paris for the 1999 French reprint as part of their “Les Re-impressions” collection. It’s worth noting that a book that should have a place in the Library of anybody interested in the topic, is today very difficult to acquire and even access, especially in its English version. Digressions apart, Bertin’s work, formally educated in cartography, stands out for its formal rigour and constitutes, for many people, a monumental one that is to graphics what the Mendeleev periodic element table is to Chemistry. That is, the organisation of the visual and perceptual components of the graphics according the features and relations between the data.
Seen in Montello, David. (2002). Cognitive Map design research in the twentieth century: theoretical and empirical approaches. Cartographic and geographic information sciences. vol 29 no 3 pp 283 - 304
'For thirty-five years Visual Thinking has been the gold standard for art educators, psychologists, and general readers alike. In this seminal work, Arnheim, author of The Dynamics of Architectural Form, Film as Art, Toward a Psychology of Art, and Art and Visual Perception, asserts that all thinking (not just thinking related to art) is basically perceptual in nature, and that the ancient dichotomy between seeing and thinking, between perceiving and reasoning, is false and misleading. An indis-pensable tool for students and for those interested in the arts.'
Since its first publication in 1974, Use Your Head has acquired the status of a classic. Translated into twelve languages, with worldwide sales well in excess of 250,000, Tony Buzan's book has helped scores of people to understand the true capacity of the human brain and realise and develop many of the abilities that normally lie dormant.
The person who introduced us to the power of data visualization as a means of exploring and making sense of data was the statistics professor John Tukey of Princeton, who in 1977 developed a predominantly visual approach to exploring and analyzing data called exploratory data analysis.
This book is the first systematic integration of cognitive and semiotic approaches to understanding maps as powerful, abstract, and synthetic spatial representations. Presenting a perspective built on four decades of cartographic research, along with research from other areas, it explores how maps work at multiple levels - from the individual to societal - and provides a cohesive picture of how the many representational choices inherent in mapping interact with the processing of information construction of knowledge.
This work examines how map design is integrated with modern views of information and graphic communication in both the applied and theoretical senses. Some of the world's most eminent cartographers discuss the "grammar" and "syntax" of the cartographic language in light of recent theoretical, practical and technological developments. The book examines the perceptual processes involved and the opportunities opened up by new technology, as well as maps for special purposes such as for the visually impaired, or children. Applications of original research into map use and understanding are included plus the special topic of "interactive" and "live" maps.
'The Processing software runs on the Mac, Windows, and GNU/Linux platforms. With the click of a button, it exports applets for the Web or standalone applications for Mac, Windows, and GNU/Linux. Graphics from Processing programs may also be exported as PDF, DXF, or TIFF files and many other file formats. Future Processing releases will focus on faster 3D graphics, better video playback and capture, and enhancing the development environment. Some experimental versions of Processing have been adapted to other languages such as JavaScript, ActionScript, Ruby, Python, and Scala; other adaptations bring Processing to platforms like the OpenMoko, iPhone, and OLPC XO-1. Processing was founded by Ben Fry and Casey Reas in 2001 while both were John Maeda's students at the MIT Media Lab.'
A framework for the analysis of syntax and meaning in maps,charts and diagrams. http://yuriweb.com/
Explores the art and science of why we see objects the way we do. Based on the science of perception and vision, this book presents the key principles at work for a range of applications. It uses the science of perception to help serious designers and analysts optimize understanding and perception of their data visualizations
We Feel Fine has been harvesting human feelings from a large number of weblogs. Every few minutes, the system searches the world's newly posted blog entries for occurrences of the phrases "I feel" and "I am feeling". When it finds such a phrase, it records the full sentence, up to the period, and identifies the "feeling" expressed in that sentence (e.g. sad, happy, depressed, etc.). Because blogs are structured in largely standard ways, the age, gender, and geographical location of the author can often be extracted and saved along with the sentence, as can the local weather conditions at the time the sentence was written. All of this information is saved. The result is a database of several million human feelings, increasing by 15,000 - 20,000 new feelings per day. Using a series of playful interfaces, the feelings can be searched and sorted across a number of demographic slices, offering responses to specific questions like: do Europeans feel sad more often than Americans?
You can explore data using your eyes! This site is set up to allow the entire internet community to upload data, visualize it, and talk about their discoveries with other people. To learn more, read the full description or just take a look at some recent comments.
'Worldmapper is a collection of world maps, where territories are re-sized on each map according to the subject of interest. There are now nearly 700 maps. Maps 1-366 are also available as PDF posters. Use the menu above to find a map of interest. To learn a little more about this and other map projections read this: Worldmapper and map projections. We recently added a new series of maps of the world's population using a new mapping technique: Worldmapper Population Atlas'
'Tufte has provided the discipline with a vocabulary for bad design (chartjunk, the lie factor), for particular graphic constructions (small multiples, micro/macro readings), and for his own criteria of good design (high data-ink ratio, high data density). His fourth book on the subject is titled Beautiful Evidence (2006, abbreviated below as BE). In this review I will, after some general observations, make some brief remarks about each of the nine chapters, and then conclude with two aspects of the book about which I have critical comments. (Update: Stephen Few has made a few observations about Beautiful Evidence that are quite similar to the ones that I making here - see his review online, or download it as a pdf, 250 kb.)' yuriweb.com/tufte
This magazine collates some of the most creative and innovative visualisation of information that try to simplify the complex, such as: Data Visualisations Information Graphics Volume 2 | Circles | Purchase a copy on Amazon is based around Circles co-produced by Pedro Monteiro, featuring: Theo Deutinger Architects Pitch Interactive Bradford Paley Julien Bayle TeleGeography Tom Gauld Zero Per Zero Quentin Delobel Peter Crnokrak many more...
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