http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/09/19/magazine/classroom-technology.html?_r=0
Before the wall chalkboard, each student had an individual slate board. Used throughout the 19th century in nearly all classrooms, a Boston school superintendent in 1870 described the slate as being “if the result of the work should, at any time, be found infelicitous, a sponge will readily banish from the slate all disheartening recollections, and leave it free for new attempts.’
The precursor to a slide projector, the ‘magic lantern’ projected images printed on glass plates and showed them in darkened rooms to students. By the end of World War I, Chicago’s public school system had roughly 8,000 lantern slides.
Perhaps the most durable instrument in American education, it would remain the standard tool from the era of the one-room schoolhouse to the computer age.
Just like the chalkboard, the pencil is also found in basically all classrooms in the U.S. In the late 19th century, mass-produced paper and pencils became more readily available and pencils eventually replaced the school slate.
At the turn of the century, the Keystone View Company began to market stereoscopes which are basically three-dimensional viewing tools that were popular in homes as a source of entertainment. Keystone View Company marketed these stereoscopes to schools and created hundreds of images that were meant to be used to illustrate points made during lectures.
New York City’s Board of Education was actually the first organization to send lessons to schools through a radio station. Over the next couple of decades, “schools of the air” began broadcasting programs to millions of American students.
Initially used by the U.S. military for training purposes in World War II, overhead projectors quickly spread to schools and other organizations around the country.
Surviving into the Xerox age, the mimeograph produced copies through a hand-crank mechanism.
The language lab Is created. Schools across the country install rooms full of cubicles where students don headsets and listen to audio tapes to learn foreign languages.
B. F. Skinner, a behavioral scientist, developed a series of devices that allowed a student to proceed at his or her own pace through a regimented program of instruction.
By the early 1960's there were more than 50 channels that included educational programming on the air across the country.
What is commonly known as "white out" now. A secretary made the white liquid in her kitchen and sold her company to Gillette for nearly $50 million.
Kodak introduces the carousel slide projector. In addition to entertaining family guests, slide projectors were used widely in classrooms for the next few decades.
The filmstrip viewer is a simple way to allow individual students watch filmstrips at their own pace.
The Internet, popularly called the Net, was created in 1969 for the U.S. defense department. Funding from the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) allowed researchers to experiment with methods for computers to communicate with each other. Their creation, the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), originally linked only four separate computer sites at U.S. universities and research institutes, where it was used primarily by scientists.
The predecessor of the much-loved and much-used [Texas Instrument] TI-83, this calculator paved the way for the calculators used today. There were initial concerns however as teachers were slow to adopt them for fear they would undermine the learning of basic skills.
In the early 1970s, other countries began to join ARPANET, and within a decade it was widely accessible to researchers, administrators, and students throughout the world. The National Science Foundation (NSF) assumed responsibility for linking these users of ARPANET, which was dismantled in 1990. The NSF Network (NSFNET) now serves as the technical backbone for all Internet communications in the United States.
The Scantron Corporation eliminated the hassle of grading multiple choice exams. The scantron forms made as much money as the machines over the years.
Sony and Phillips launched VLP or the ‘LaserDisc’ which first became popular mainly in Japan and the USA among movie enthusiasts and - especially in Japan - lovers of Karaoke. But in Europe there was not so much interest.
PLATO was a computer-based educational system developed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign beginning in the 1960's. It was a system for giving lessons and instruction in many fields. Public schools in the United States averaged one computer for every 92 students in 1984; in 2008 there was one computer for every 4 students.
IBM introduces the first personal computer. It was a very small machine that could not only process information faster than those ponderous mainframes of the 1960s but also hook up to the home TV set, process text and store more words than a huge cookbook -- all for a price tag of less than $1,600.
In 1982, the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) was standardized, and consequently, the concept of a world-wide network of interconnected TCP/IP networks, called the Internet, was introduced.
The Internet was commercialized in 1995 when NSFNET was decommissioned, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic.
It was a milestone in the history of pocket calculators when Casio introduced with the fx-7000G the world's first Graphing calculator.
Digital audio is stored on a CD in almost the same way as computer data. Which is why the CD-ROM (Read Only Memory) was developed and launched around 1985. Like the audio CD the disc has a diameter of 12 cm and a storage capacity of 650 to 700 MB - equivalent to 450 floppy disks or more than 250,000 typed A4 pages. A CD-ROM allows fast data access and has a very high reliability. This is why it is now universally used to store computer software and data.
The interactive whiteboard was originally envisioned by David Martin and Nancy Knowlton in 1987. Soon after, they co-founded the company SMART Technologies and introduced the world’s first SMART Board in 1991.
The Internet was commercialized in 1995 when NSFNET was decommissioned, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic.
sudden growth of the Internet caught the legal system unprepared. Before 1996, Congress had passed little legislation on this form of telecommunication. In 1986, Congress passed the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) (18 U.S.C.A. § 2701 et seq. [1996]), which made it illegal to read private e-mail.
JIU is the pioneer in online learning. Our founder, Glenn R. Jones, has devoted much of his life to his passionately held belief that education should be available to everyone, everywhere. A cable magnate, Jones in 1987 launched the cable television network Mind Extension University™ (ME/U™), which enabled 30,000 students to take courses from more than 30 colleges and universities via television. In the nascence of the Internet, Jones foresaw the potential and started JIU in 1993 – the first university anywhere to exist completely online. Despite the naysayers, Jones knew in his heart that this was the future of education. So it was with great pride that in 1999 JIU became the first fully online university in the U.S. to be accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (www.ncahlc.org).
Social Networking makes it easier for students, parents, and teachers to communicate but also adds more security and roadblock issues to education.
Released with much fanfare in October 2004, the iPod (U2 Special Edition) was identical to the iPod (Click Wheel) from a hardware standpoint. It came with a 20 GB hard drive, and was housed in a special black case, with the signatures of the members of U2 laser-engraved on the back. It cost $349, $50 more than the 20 GB iPod (Click Wheel), but included a $50 towards the purchase of the U2 Digital Box-set, which was available exclusively from the iTunes Music Store.
iClickers are a device that allows you to poll a group of students. An instructor asks a multiple choice and students use iClickers to select a Letter from A-E. The students responses are recorded and available to the instructor for grading or analyzing.
Announced in January 2007 and released the following June, the iPhone marked Apple's entry into the cellular phone marketplace. Described by Steve Jobs as "a wide-screen iPod with hand controls... a revolutionary mobile phone... [and] a breakthrough Internet communications device," the iPhone was the first Apple-branded consumer device to run on OS X. Based around a touch-based user interface with a single button, the iPhone was controlled using a variety of one- and two-finger gestured. It included a custom version of Safari that allowed full browsing of any web page, a revamped iPod interface with CoverFlow, integrated access to YouTube and Google Maps, an iChat-like SMS text-messaging interface (iChat itself was missing from the initial release), and a standard set of cellphone apps, such as a calendar, an address book and a calculator.
The years of speculation ended in January 2010, when Apple announced the iPad. Based around a 9.7-inch LED-backlit multi-touch display, the iPad, finally, was more or less what the Rumor-mill had predicted: a giant iPhone. It used a new version of the same iPhone OS that the then-current iPhone 3GS and iPod touch (Late 2009) used, and could run nearly all existing third-party iPhone applications.
Khan Academy is a non-profit educational website created in 2006 by educator Salman Khan, a graduate of MIT and Harvard Business School and fully launched in 2010. The stated mission is to provide "a free world-class education for anyone anywhere".
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